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6 - Gaseous Aerosol Precursors

from Part 2 - Fundamentals and Modeling: Production and Control

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2013

By
Richard C. Miake-Lye
Edited by
Tim C. Lieuwen  and
Vigor Yang
Tim C. Lieuwen
Affiliation:
Georgia Institute of Technology
Vigor Yang
Affiliation:
Georgia Institute of Technology
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Summary

Introduction

Concerns about particle emissions from aircraft were first raised in the 1960s because of the visible smoke trails left behind by jet aircraft on takeoff. These concerns led to an emission certification requirement for aircraft engines in the 1970s that mandated a smoke number (SN) measurement, which served to control the visible opacity of the emitted exhaust. Understanding of the effects of particle emissions has progressed dramatically since the 1970s, and more knowledge now exists both about carbonaceous soot particles that contributed strongly to the black smoke trails of the 1960s and about how other emissions can condense and add to particle numbers and mass. These latter contributions arise because of gaseous emissions that are products of combustion and also have low-vapor pressures. Having low-vapor pressures, they are thermodynamically disposed to condense as the exhaust mixes and cools in the atmosphere. These condensable species are gaseous aerosol precursors and their contributions to particulate matter pollution are the subject of significant scientific research and regulatory interest.

Like all consumers of hydrocarbon fuels, gas turbine engines emit products of combustion dominated by carbon dioxide and water vapor. In addition to these major products of combustion, the exhaust emissions also include products of incomplete combustion, due to small combustion inefficiencies (very small for modern aircraft engines at cruise), and pollutants formed in the combustion process, like NOx and SOx. Beyond combustion-related emissions, recent work has identified emissions from the lubrication system that also contribute to particle emissions in the exhaust. These various emissions include gaseous species and particles.

Type
Chapter
Information
Gas Turbine Emissions , pp. 154 - 174
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2013

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