Rough Around the Edges or a Fundamental Disconnect? (Re-)Examining the Theory and Utility of Human Rights through the Six Systemic Distortions Afforded by Artificial Intelligence Systems

Summary

ABSTRACT

The ubiquitous deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies affects an array of human rights, raising concerns around issues of discrimination, privacy, freedom of expression, information and data protection. However, just as regulators and policy-makers call for technological design to respect existing human rights, others debate whether human rights are robust enough to counter new challenges posed by AI. This contribution takes a legalphilosophical approach, engaging the intersections of human rights law and theory, philosophy of technology, and law and technology in order to examine whether the theory and practice of the human rights law framework can address the systemic distortions afforded by AI systems. It identifies six systemic distortions, namely intangibility, ephemerality, modulation, the comparison deficit, the utilitarian logic, and, finally, the objectification of dividualised identities. These map on to (and challenge), respectively, the implicit observability, categorical legal groups, control, causality and foreseeability, the deontological motivation of human rights law, and the subjective sociality of individuals. These systemic distortions pose both a procedural challenge for individuals seeking to mount human rights claims, and a normative challenge to the formative aims of human rights law.

The contribution finds that these challenges are non-trivial to the human rights law framework, impacting its practical sustainability and relevance in the age of AI. However, a silver lining can be found within the normative foundation of the human rights framework itself, through the reinterpretation of human dignity as human vulnerability.

INTRODUCTION

The ubiquitous deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies affects an array of human rights, raising concerns around issues of discrimination, privacy, freedom of expression, information and data protection. On the other hand, issues of fairness, transparency and accountability have also been raised, encompassing wider ethical concerns in relation to the use of AI. On the one hand, the advent of technological innovations, including AI, have been credited with bringing immense progress to science, and revolutionising diverse fields, such as health care, transportation and education. AI is also increasingly being deployed within public administration, determining eligibility for social welfare, unemployment and health care benefits, and educational access. On the other hand, the deployment of AI has threatened the sufficiency of the traditional tools of accountability, including those of the law, and human rights law in particular.