Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- Part I Academic Cheating
- Part II Academic Excuses and Fairness
- Part III Authorship and Credit
- Part IV Confidentiality’s Limits
- Part V Data Analysis, Reporting, and Sharing
- Part VI Designing Research
- Part VII Fabricating Data
- Part VIII Human Subjects
- Part IX Personnel Decisions
- Part X Reviewing and Editing
- Part XI Science for Hire and Conflict of Interest
- 63 The Power of Industry (Money) in Influencing Science
- 64 The Impact of Personal Expectations and Biases in Preparing Expert Testimony
- 65 The Fragility of Truth in Expert Testimony
- 66 A Surprising Request from a Grant Monitor
- 67 Whoever Pays the Piper Calls the Tune
- 68 How to Protect Scientific Integrity under Social and Political Pressure
- 69 Commentary to Part XI
- Epilogue Why Is Ethical Behavior Challenging?
- Index
69 - Commentary to Part XI
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 February 2015
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- Part I Academic Cheating
- Part II Academic Excuses and Fairness
- Part III Authorship and Credit
- Part IV Confidentiality’s Limits
- Part V Data Analysis, Reporting, and Sharing
- Part VI Designing Research
- Part VII Fabricating Data
- Part VIII Human Subjects
- Part IX Personnel Decisions
- Part X Reviewing and Editing
- Part XI Science for Hire and Conflict of Interest
- 63 The Power of Industry (Money) in Influencing Science
- 64 The Impact of Personal Expectations and Biases in Preparing Expert Testimony
- 65 The Fragility of Truth in Expert Testimony
- 66 A Surprising Request from a Grant Monitor
- 67 Whoever Pays the Piper Calls the Tune
- 68 How to Protect Scientific Integrity under Social and Political Pressure
- 69 Commentary to Part XI
- Epilogue Why Is Ethical Behavior Challenging?
- Index
Summary
The usual prescription for conflict of interest, including financial gain, is disclosure, and certainly transparency is a necessary foundation for ethical processes. But psychology suggests disclosure will not suffice. Actors who have a personal conflict of interest, being human, will discount the extent to which they are influenced by personal gain. Observers, even knowing about the conflict of interest, will not necessarily be impartial judges of the effects on the actors. The best goal is no conflict of interest, but we do not live in a perfect world. So reflection and discussion will have to serve.
A question one might ask upon reading the essays in this book is why, at least for some people, ethical behavior is so challenging. Drawing in part on Latané-Darley’s (1970) model of bystander intervention, I have constructed a model of ethical behavior that would seem to apply to a variety of ethical problems. The model specifies the specific skills students need to reason and then behave ethically.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Ethical Challenges in the Behavioral and Brain SciencesCase Studies and Commentaries, pp. 217 - 218Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2015