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Chapter 2 - How Social, Emotional, and Motivational Forces Affect Facial Appearance over Time

from Part I - Basic Processes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2023

By
Emily Schwartzman  and
Nicholas O. Rule
Edited by
Ursula Hess ,
Reginald B. Adams, Jr.  and
Robert E. Kleck
Ursula Hess
Affiliation:
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Reginald B. Adams, Jr.
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Robert E. Kleck
Affiliation:
Dartmouth College, New Hampshire
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Summary

Past research has shown that older adults’ neutral facial expressions can accumulate visible traces of the emotions that they have experienced most frequently in their lives (Adams et al., 2016; Malatesta et al., 1987). But what factors determine the emotions that a person habitually experiences? Moreover, what other factors influence or modulate changes to the appearance of the face over time? In this chapter, we examine how overlapping social, emotional, and motivational forces can shape an individual’s emotional experiences, self-presentation, and other aspects of their life and behavior, and discuss how this can in turn lead to changes in the appearance of the face. We review how factors such as culture, social group memberships, and stereotypes determine how these three forces may affect a given individual and the appearance of their face as they age; we furthermore explore how the appearance of the face can remain consistent over time.

Keywords

Facial AppearanceAgingSocial PerceptionEmotion
Type
Chapter
Information
Emotion Communication by the Aging Face and Body
A Multidisciplinary View
 , pp. 25 - 53
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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