Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- 180 Cytomegalovirus
- 181 Dengue and Dengue-Like Illness
- 182 Enteroviruses
- 183 Epstein–Barr Virus and Other Causes of the Mononucleosis Syndrome
- 184 Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome in the Americas
- 185 Herpes Simplex Viruses 1 and 2
- 186 Human Herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8
- 187 Influenza
- 188 Papillomavirus
- 189 Acute and Chronic Parvovirus Infection
- 190 Rabies
- 191 Varicella-Zoster Virus
- 192 Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
191 - Varicella-Zoster Virus
from Part XXIII - Specific Organisms – Viruses
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 March 2013
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- 180 Cytomegalovirus
- 181 Dengue and Dengue-Like Illness
- 182 Enteroviruses
- 183 Epstein–Barr Virus and Other Causes of the Mononucleosis Syndrome
- 184 Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome in the Americas
- 185 Herpes Simplex Viruses 1 and 2
- 186 Human Herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8
- 187 Influenza
- 188 Papillomavirus
- 189 Acute and Chronic Parvovirus Infection
- 190 Rabies
- 191 Varicella-Zoster Virus
- 192 Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
Summary
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is one of the 8 herpesviruses of humans and is the cause of chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (zoster). Chickenpox, the exanthem caused by primary infection with VZV, usually occurs in children. Shingles, the clinical syndrome of segmental, unilateral, exanthem, and neuralgic pain due to reactivation of latent VZV infection, usually occurs many years after the primary infection. In the immunodeficient person, both primary and reactivated VZV infection can lead to severe generalized virus dissemination, the life-threatening form of VZV infection. The availability of antiviral agents for management of VZV infection has raised the importance of recognizing this infection in high-risk groups. Prior to the introduction of the VZV vaccine in the United States in 1995, approximately 4 million cases of chickenpox occurred each year, 83% in children younger than 9 years. There are an estimated 1 million cases of herpes zoster in the United States per year, with the annualized incidence of 1.5 to 3.0 cases per 1000 persons, and the incidence and severity of disease increases with age. A VZV vaccine was approved in 2006 for prevention of shingles in persons older than 60 years.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Chickenpox
In healthy unvaccinated children, VZV infection manifests as a vesicular exanthem often associated with prodromal malaise, pharyngitis, rhinitis, and abdominal pain. At the median, the rash appears 15 days after VZV exposure; the range is 10 to 21 days.
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- Clinical Infectious Disease , pp. 1311 - 1318Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008