Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T07:27:33.994Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - The Sexual Body in History

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2024

Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
Mathew Kuefler
Affiliation:
San Diego State University
Get access

Summary

The ‘sexual body’ is at once the sexed body identified as male, female, or non-binary, and the body that engages in sexual acts, experiences desire, and is perceived as an erotic object. This chapter explores a wide range of ideas about and experiences of the sexual body in pre-modern European, Native American, Chinese, Islamic, Jewish, Pacific, Māori, and West African cultures. It argues that to take a global historical perspective on sexual bodies it is necessary to consider a wide range of discourses and representations. It begins with sexual bodies in mythology: narratives of human origin from ancient Greek, Native American, Judeo-Christian and Islamic, Chinese, Māori, and West African cultures. Creation stories purvey ideas about sexual difference, desire, beauty, and gender relations that reflect a culture’s deepest belief-systems. Second, it examines sexual bodies in the medical discourses of Western and Chinese history, summarising ancient Western concepts of sex difference as a matter of moisture, heat, and anatomy, and ancient Chinese theories of qi, yinyang, and beauty. Third, it examines sexual embodiment in lived experiences of gender roles and puberty rites, showing that many Indigenous cultures historically accepted people of nonbinary gender.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Further Reading

Allen, Paula Gunn. The Sacred Hoop: Recovering the Feminine in American Indian Traditions. Boston: Beacon, 1986.Google Scholar
Ballantyne, Tony. Entanglements of Empire: Missionaries, Māori, and the Question of the Body. Auckland: Auckland University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Beier, Ulli. The Origin of Life and Death: African Creation Myth. London: Heinemann, 1966.Google Scholar
Brown, Peter. The Body and Society: Men, Women, and Sexual Renunciation. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Cadden, Joan. Meanings of Sex Difference in the Middle Ages: Medicine, Science, and Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Daston, Lorraine, and Park, Katharine. ‘The Hermaphrodite and the Orders of Nature: Sexual Ambiguity in Early Modern France’. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 1, no. 4 (1995): 419–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeVun, Leah. The Shape of Sex: Nonbinary Gender from Genesis to the Renaissance. New York: Columbia University Press, 2021.Google Scholar
Donoghue, Emma. ‘Imagined More than Women: Lesbians as Hermaphrodites, 1671–1766’. Women’s History Review 2, no. 2 (1993): 199216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duden, Barbara. The Woman Beneath the Skin: A Doctor’s Patients in Eighteenth-Century Germany. Trans. Thomas Dunlap. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Eilberg-Schwartz, Howard, ed. People of the Body: Jews and Judaism from an Embodied Perspective. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, Gareth Lloyd. ‘Female Masculinity and the Sagas of Icelanders’. In Masculinities in Old Norse Literature, ed. Evans, Gareth Lloyd and Hancock, Jessica Clare, 5976. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell and Brewer, 2020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fausto-Sterling, Anne. Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality. New York: Basic Books, 2000.Google Scholar
Feher, Michel, Naddaff, Ramona, and Tazi, Nadia, eds. Fragments for a History of the Human Body, 3 vols. New York: Zone Books, 1989.Google Scholar
Fissell, Mary. Vernacular Bodies: The Politics of Reproduction in Early Modern England. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friðriksdóttir, Jóhanna Katrín. ‘Gender’. In The Routledge Research Companion to the Medieval Icelandic Sagas, ed. Jakobsson, Ármann and Jakobsson, Sverrir, 226–39. London: Routledge, 2017.Google Scholar
Halperin, David M. One Hundred Years of Homosexuality and Other Essays on Greek Love. New York: Routledge, 1990.Google Scholar
Harvey, Karen. Reading Sex in the Eighteenth Century: Bodies and Gender in English Erotic Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Herdt, Gilbert H., ed. Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History. New York: Zone Books, 1994.Google Scholar
Jacobs, Sue-Ellen, Thomas, Wesley, and Lang, Sabine, eds. Two-Spirit People: Native American Gender Identity, Sexuality, and Spirituality. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Jacquart, Danielle, and Thomasset, Claude. Sexuality and Medicine in the Middle Ages. Trans. Matthew Adamson. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Kalof, Linda, and Bynum, W. F., eds. A Cultural History of the Human Body, 6 vols. Oxford: Berg, 2010.Google Scholar
Khuri, Fuad I. The Body in Islamic Culture. London: Saqi Books, 2001.Google Scholar
King, Helen. Hippocrates’ Woman. London: Routledge, 1998.Google Scholar
King, Helen The One-Sex Body on Trial: The Classical and Early Modern Evidence. Farnham, UK: Ashgate, 2013.Google Scholar
Kvam, Kristen E., Schearing, Linda S., and Ziegler, Valarie H., eds. Eve and Adam: Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Readings on Genesis and Gender. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lang, Sabine. Men as Women, Women as Men: Changing Gender in Native American Cultures. Trans. John L. Valentine. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Laqueur, Thomas. Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Leeming, David Adams, with Leeming, Margaret Adams. A Dictionary of Creation Myths. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Man, Eva Kit Wah. Bodies in China: Philosophy, Aesthetics, Gender, and Politics. Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong Kong Press, 2016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
March, Jennifer R. Dictionary of Classical Mythology. Boston: Credo Reference, 2015.Google Scholar
Markstrom, Carol A. Empowerment of North American Indian Girls: Ritual Expressions at Puberty. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marsden, Māori. ‘Kaitiakitanga: A Definitive Introduction to the Holistic Worldview of the Māori’. In The Woven Universe: Selected Writings of Rev. Māori Marsden, ed. Charles Royal, Te Ahukaramū, 5479. Ōtaki, New Zealand: Te Wānanga-o-Raukawa 2003.Google Scholar
Myrne, Pernilla. Female Sexuality in the Early Medieval Islamic World. London: Bloomsbury, 2019.Google Scholar
Nederman, Cary J., and True, Jacqui. ‘The Third Sex: The Idea of the Hermaphrodite in Twelfth-Century Europe’. Journal of the History of Sexuality 16, no. 4 (1996): 497517.Google Scholar
Oyěwùmí, Oyèrónkẹ́. The Invention of Women: Making an African Sense of Western Gender Discourses. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Paster, Gail Kern. ‘The Unbearable Coldness of Female Being: Women’s Imperfection and the Humoral Economy’. English Literary Renaissance 28, no. 3 (1998): 416–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plato. The Symposium. Trans. Christopher Gill. London: Penguin, 2003.Google Scholar
Price, Neil. Children of Ash and Elm: A History of the Vikings. New York: Basic Books, 2020.Google Scholar
Ringrose, Kathryn M. The Perfect Servant: Eunuchs and the Social Construction of Gender in Byzantium. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Ruberg, Willemijn. History of the Body. London: Red Globe, 2020.Google Scholar
Salmond, Anne. Aphrodite’s Island: The European Discovery of Tahiti. New York: Viking, 2009.Google Scholar
Shoemaker, Nancy, ed. Negotiators of Change: Historical Perspectives on Native American Women. London: Routledge, 1995.Google Scholar
Traub, Valerie. ‘The Psychomorphology of the Clitoris’. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 1, nos. 1/2 (1995): 81113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, Lee. Sexual Encounters: Pacific Texts, Modern Sexualities. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Robin R. Yinyang: The Way of Heaven and Earth in Chinese Thought and Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×