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72. - Fortitude

from F

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 January 2025

By
Hasana Sharp
Edited by
Karolina Hübner  and
Justin Steinberg
Karolina Hübner
Affiliation:
Cornell University, New York
Justin Steinberg
Affiliation:
Cornell University, New York
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Summary

Fortitude (fortitudo) is the affective disposition that accompanies virtue. Spinoza defines affects as “affections of the body by which the body’s power of acting is increased or diminished, aided or restrained, and at the same time, ideas of these affections” (E3def3). Affects express changes, for better or for worse, in our body’s power.

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Chapter
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The Cambridge Spinoza Lexicon , pp. 183 - 186
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

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References

Recommended Reading

James, S. (2020). Spinoza on Learning to Live Together. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kisner, M. (2011). Spinoza on Human Freedom. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nadler, S. (2020). Think Least of Death: Spinoza on How to Live and How to Die. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Sharp, H. (2019). Generosity as freedom in Spinoza’s Ethics. In Ramond, C. and Stetter, J. (eds.), Spinoza in Twenty-First-Century American and French Philosophy: Metaphysics, Philosophy of Mind, Moral and Political Philosophy (pp. 277–88). Bloomsbury.Google Scholar

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