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7 - Russia, the First Arctic Empire, 1000–1917

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 March 2023

By
Ryan Tucker Jones ,
Alexei Kraikovski  and
Julia Lajus
Edited by
Adrian Howkins  and
Peder Roberts
Adrian Howkins
Affiliation:
University of Bristol
Peder Roberts
Affiliation:
University of Stavanger
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Summary

To claim Russia as an Arctic empire requires some consideration of both the concepts of Arctic and empire. First, despite the fact that little of Russia’s imperial territory lies above the Arctic Circle, its rulers have nonetheless long governed predominantly cold lands and seas – colder, in fact, than many places north of the circle.1 Therefore, this chapter will discuss Russian activities that sometimes occurred far outside a strict geographical understanding of the Arctic. These include the area known as the ‘Russian North’ (Russkii Sever) around the White Sea basin and to the south along the Northern Dvina River and its tributaries. It also includes the northern Urals and large portions of northern Siberia. Very little of Siberia lies above the Arctic Circle, but much of this part of Eurasia experiences Arctic conditions. Treeless permafrost predominates north of 60°.

Keywords

RussiaSiberiafurempiretradehuntingIndigenouscolonialismscienceexploration
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge History of the Polar Regions , pp. 153 - 180
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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