Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T22:16:56.619Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

15 - Tangut Sources

from Volume II Part 1 - Literary Sources

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Michal Biran
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Hodong Kim
Affiliation:
Seoul National University
Get access

Summary

Tangut script textual and visual sources dating to the late twelfth century and the thirteenth (and beyond), though mostly Buddhist in nature, are promising materials for historians of the culture and politics of the Mongol Empire. The well-known Qara-Qoto collection housed in St. Petersburg, Russia, contains materials dating well beyond 1227, the year the Tangut Xia state fell to Mongol armies. Tangut Buddhist materials are particularly promising sources for the history of printing and religion in the Yuan dynasty. The chapter describes the origin, status, dating, and accessibility of the main collections of these sources. It then summarizes the state of research on these materials.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Shintarō, Arakawa 荒川慎太郎. 2011. “Purinsuton daigaku shozō Seika bun Kegonkyō kan 77 yakuchū プリンストン大學所蔵西夏文華嚴經巻七十七譯注” (An Annotated Japanese Translation of the Tangut Version of Avatamsaka Sūtra Volume 77 in Princeton University Collection) Ajia Afurika gengo bunka kenkyū アジア アフリカ言語文化研究 81: 147305.Google Scholar
Shintarō, Arakawa 2012. “Purinsuton daigaku shozō Seika bun butten danpen (Pearld) ni tsuite プリンストン大學所蔵西夏文佛典斷片(Pearld)について” (On the Tangut Buddhist Fragments in the “Pearld” Princeton University Collection). Ajia Afurika gengo bunka kenkyū アジアアフリカ言語文化研究 83: 536.Google Scholar
Bin, Bai 白滨. 2006. “Yuandai Xi Xia Yixing Huijue fashi ji Hanwen ‘Huayan chanyi’ bushi 元代西夏一行慧覺法師輯漢文‘華嚴忏儀’補釋” (Explanatory Note on the Chinese ‘Huayan chanyi’ Compiled in the Yuan by Xi Xia Dharma Teacher Yixing Huijue). Xi Xia xue 西夏學 1: 7680.Google Scholar
Bin, Bai 白滨 and Jinbo, Shi 史金波. 1979. “‘Da Yuan Suzhoulu yeke daluhuachi shixi zhi bei’ kaoshi 大元肅州路也可達魯花赤世襲之碑考釋” (A Study of the Genealogical Stele for the Darughachi of Suzhou under the Great Yuan). Minzu yanjiu 民族研究 1: 6880.Google Scholar
Berlin Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. 2007. Turfan Studies. Berlin.Google Scholar
Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Turfanforschung, 2014, at http://turfan.bbaw.de/projekt/sprachen-und-schriften (accessed January 23, 2021).Google Scholar
Berthier, Annie. 2000. Manuscrits, xylographes, estampages: Les collections orientales du Département des manuscrits. Paris.Google Scholar
Jianlu, Du 杜建魯. 2012. Zhongguo cang Xi Xia wenxian yanjiu 中国藏西夏文獻研究 (Studies on Tangut Documents Collected in China). Shanghai.Google Scholar
Yuquan, Duan 段玉泉. 2006. “Guanzhuba shi yin ‘Hexi zi da zangjing’ xintan 管主八施印<河西字大藏經>新探” (An Inquiry into Guanzhuba’s Printing of the ‘Hexi Script Canon’). Xi Xia xue 西夏學 1: 99104.Google Scholar
Yuquan, Duan 2009. “Yuan kan Xi Xia wen dazangjing de jige wenti 元刊西夏文大藏經的幾個問題” (Some Questions about the Yuan Printing of the Xixia Canon). Wen xian 文獻 1: 4251.Google Scholar
Dunnell, Ruth W. 1992. “The Hsia Origins of the Yüan Institution of Imperial Preceptor.” Asia Major, 3rd series 5.1: 85111.Google Scholar
Museet, Etnografiska. 2014. Carlotta databasen för museisamlingar, at http://collections.smvk.se/carlotta-em/web/object/1835752, http://collections.smvk.se/carlotta-em/web/object/1835831 (accessed January 23, 2021).Google Scholar
Leijun, Feng 馮雷俊. 2014. “Ningxia Lingwu chutu Xi Xia wen ‘Dafang guangfo huayanjing’ kao 寧夏靈魂武出土西夏文‘大方廣佛華嚴經’考” (Study of the Tangut-Script “Avatamsaka-Sūtra” Unearthed at Lingwu, Ningxia).” Zongjiaoxue yanjiu 宗教學研究2: 97102.Google Scholar
Grinstead, Eric. 1961. “Tangut Fragments in the British Museum.” British Museum Quarterly 24.3–4: 8287.Google Scholar
Grinstead, Eric 1972. “The Tangut Tripitaka: Background Notes.” Sung Studies Newsletter 6: 1923.Google Scholar
Heijdra, Martin, and Shuwen, Cao. 1992. “The World’s Earliest Extant Book Printed from Wooden Movable Type? Chüan Seventy-Seven of the Tangut Translation of the Garland sutra.” Gest Library Journal 5.1: 7089.Google Scholar
Huang, Shih-san Susan. 2014. “Re-assessing Buddhist Printed Frontispieces by Xi Xia.” Zhejiang University Journal of Art and Archaeology 1: 129–82.Google Scholar
Institut vostokovedeniia (Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk) Sankt-Peterburgskii filial, Zhongguo shehui kexueyuan, Minzu yanjiusuo, Shanghai guji chubanshe. 1996–2013. Eluosi kexue yuan dongfang yanjiu suo Sheng Bidebao fensuo cang Heishuicheng wenxian 俄羅斯科學院東方硏究所聖彼得堡分所藏黑水城文獻 (Heishui Manuscripts Collected in the St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences), 20 vols. Shanghai.Google Scholar
Kepping, Ksenia B. 1999. “Chinghis Khan’s Name in a Tangut Song.” Studia Orientalia (Helsinki) 85: 233–43.Google Scholar
Kepping, Ksenia B. 2001. “Chinggis Khan’s Name Encrypted in a Tangut Song.” IDP News 19: 13.Google Scholar
Kepping, Ksenia B. 2003. “Chinggis Khan’s Last Campaign as Seen by the Tanguts.” In Poslednie stat′i i dokymenty (Last Works and Documents), 172–95. St. Petersburg.Google Scholar
Kychanov, E. I. 1977. “Dokladnaia zapiska pomoshnika komanduiushego Khara-Khoto (mart 1225 g.).” Pis′mennye pamiatniki Vostoka 1972: 139–45Google Scholar
Kychanov, E. I. 1999. Katalog Tangutskikh Buddiiskikh Pamiatnikov Instituta Vostokovedeniia Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Kyoto.Google Scholar
Kychanov, E. I. 2004. “Turfan und Xi Xia.” In Turfan Revisited: The First Century of Research into the Arts and Cultures of the Silk Road, ed. Meisterernst, Desmond Durkin-, 155–58. Berlin.Google Scholar
Kychanov, E. I. 2008. “The Tangut Collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts: History and Study.” In Russian Expeditions to Central Asia at the Turn of the 20th Century, ed. Popova, I. F., 130–47. St Petersburg.Google Scholar
Tianbing, Lai 賴天兵. 2013. “Jiangnan yi huo Xi Xia – Jingang shangshi Tanba yu Baiyun zongzhu Dao’an ti kuan ‘Puningzang’ feihua de niandai, neirong yu tuben 江南抑或西夏-金剛上市胆八與白雲宗主道安提款‘普寧藏’扉畵的年代内容與圖本(Jiangnan or Xi Xia – the Date, Content and Edition of the “Puning Canon” with an Inscription on the Prefatory Illustrations by Jingang Supreme Preceptor Tanba and Baiyun Sect Leader Dao’an). Xi Xia xue 西夏學 9: 234–42.Google Scholar
Can, Li 李灿 and Haoran, Hou 侯浩然. 2010. “Xi Xia yiseng Yixing Huijue sheng ping, zhushu xintan 西夏遺僧一行慧覺生平, 著述新探” (A New Inquiry into the Life of the Xi Xia Monk Yixing Huijue and His Writings). Xi Xia xue 西夏學 6: 176–90.Google Scholar
Fuhua, Li 李富華 and Mei, He 何梅. 2003. Hanwen fojiao dazangjing yanjiu 漢文佛教大藏經研究 (Studies on the Chinese Buddhist Tripitaka). Beijing.Google Scholar
Jining, Li 李際寧. 2000. “Guan yu Xi Xia kan hanwen dazangjing 關于西夏刊漢文大藏經” (On the Xi Xia Printing of a Buddhist Canon). Wen Xian 文献 1: 139–54.Google Scholar
Jining, Li 2002. Fojing banben 佛經版本 (Buddhist Canon Editions). Nanjing.Google Scholar
Songtao, Liang 梁松濤 and Fuxue, Yang 楊富学. 2008. “‘Shengwei pingyi ge’ zhong suojian Xi Xia yu Kelie heqin shi xiaokao聖威平夷歌’中所見西夏與克烈和親事小考” (A Note on the Marriage Alliance between Xi Xia and the Kereits as Seen in the “Ode to the Awesome Majesty Pacifying the Barbarians”). Nei Menggu shehui kexue 内蒙古社會科學 29.6: 4648.Google Scholar
Nan, Meng 孟楠. 1998. “Lun Kelieren yu Xi Xia de guanxi 論克烈人與西夏的關係” (A Discussion of the Relationship between the Kereits and Xi Xia).” Nei Menggu shehui kexue 内蒙古社會科學 3: 3742.Google Scholar
Hongyin, Nie 聶鴻音. 2000. “Xi Xia wen ‘Tian xia gong le ge’ ‘Quan shi ge’ kao shi 西夏文‘天下共樂歌’‘勸世歌’考釋” (A Study of the Tangut “Song to Happiness under Heaven” and “Song to Exhort the World”). Ningxia shehui kexue 寧夏社會科學 (Ningxia Social Sciences) 3: 101–3.Google Scholar
Hongyin, Nie 2004. “Xi Xia wen ‘Guoqu zhuangyan jie qian fo ming jing’ fa yuan wen zhong de liang ge nianhao 西夏文‘過去莊嚴劫千佛名經’發願文中的兩個年號” (Two Reign Era Names in the Tangut Text of the “Guoqu zhuangyan jie qian fo ming jing”). Guyuan shizhuan xuebao 固原師專學報 25.5: 1112.Google Scholar
Ningxia daxue Xi Xia yanjiu zhongxin 寧夏大學西夏研究中心, Guojia tushuguan 國家圖書館, Gansu sheng guji wenxian zhengli bianyi zhongxin 甘肅省古籍文獻整理編譯中心. 2005. Zhongguo cang Xi Xia wenxian 中國藏西夏文獻 (Tangut Manuscripts Collected in China), 18 vols. Gansu.Google Scholar
Tatsuo, Nishida 西天龍雄. 1966. Seika go no kenkyū 西夏語の研究 (A Study of the Hsi-Hsia Language), vol. 2. Kyoto.Google Scholar
Tatsuo, Nishida 1975–1977. Seika mon kegonkyō 西夏文華嚴經, The Hsi-Hsia Avatamsaka Sūtra, 3 vols. Kyoto.Google Scholar
Xixia, Pelliot. 2012. Bibliothèque nationale de France, at https://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc4439g (accessed January 22, 2021).Google Scholar
Piotrovskii, Mikhail B. 1993. Lost Empire of the Silk Road: Buddhist Art from Khara Khoto (X–XIIIth Century [sic]). Milan.Google Scholar
Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, at http://orientalstudies.ru/eng/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=1&Itemid=48 (accessed January 24, 2021).Google Scholar
Samosiuk, Kira F. 1998. “Two Tibetan Style Thankas from Khara Khoto.” In The Inner Asian International Style, 12th–14th Centuries, ed. Klimburg-Salter, Deborah E. and Allinger, Eva, 97106. Vienna.Google Scholar
Samosiuk, Kira F. 2006. Buddiiskaia zhivopis′ iz Khara-khoto XII–XIV vekov: Mezhdu Kitaem i Tibetom. Kollektsiia P. K. Kozlova. St. Petersburg.Google Scholar
Jinbo, Shi 史金波. 1981. “Xi Xia wen ‘Guoque zhuangyan jie qianfo ming jing’ fayuan wenyi zheng 西夏文‘過去莊嚴劫千佛名經典’發願文譯證” (A translation of the Tangut Text of “Guoqu zhuangyan jie qianfo ming jing”). Shijie zongjiao yanjiu 世界宗教研究 1: n.p.Google Scholar
Jinbo, Shi 1983. “Xi Xia wen ‘Jinguang ming zui sheng wang jing’ xu ba kao 西夏文‘金光明最勝王經’序跋考” (A Study of the Preface and Postface to the Tangut Text of the “Jinguang ming zui sheng wang jing”). Shijie zongjiao yanjiu 世界宗教研究 3: 4553.Google Scholar
Jinbo, Shi 1988. Xi Xia fojiao shilüe 西夏佛教史略 (A Short History of Xi Xia Buddhism). Yinchuan.Google Scholar
Jinbo, Shi 1989. “Xi Xia fojiao xinzheng si zhong 西夏佛教新證四種” (Four New Pieces of Evidence about Xi Xia Buddhism). Shijie zongjiao yanjiu 世界宗教研究 1: 8597.Google Scholar
Jinbo, Shi 2000. “Dunhuang Mogao ku beiqu chutu Xi Xia wen wenxian chutan 敦煌莫高窟北區出土西夏文文獻初探” (Inquiry into the Xi Xia Script Documents Unearthed in the Northern Sector of the Dunhuang Mogao Caves).” Dunhuang yanjiu 敦煌研究 3: 116.Google Scholar
Jinbo, Shi 2002. “Jianjie Yingguo cang xi xia wenxian 簡介英國藏西夏文獻” (Brief Introduction to Xi Xia Documents Collected in England). Guojia tushuguan xuekan zengkan: Xi Xia yanjiu zhuanhao (National Library Bulletin Supplement: Xi Xia Research Special Edition), 113–22.Google Scholar
Jinbo, Shi 2005. Shi Jinbo wenji 史金波文集 (Collected Works of Shi Jinbo). Shanghai.Google Scholar
Jinbo, Shi 2013. “Yingguo guojia tushuguan cang Xi Xia wen junji wenshu kaoshi 英國國家圖書館藏西夏文軍籍文書考釋” (A Study of Tangut Military Registration Documents Preserved in the British Library). Wen xian 文獻 3: 319.Google Scholar
Jinbo, Shi 2020. Tangut Language and Manuscripts: An Introduction. Leiden.Google Scholar
Xihong, Shu 束錫紅. 2009. “Heishuicheng ‘hebian da ta’ de xingzhi ji duandai 黑水城‘河邊大塔’的性質及斷代” (The Nature and Dating of the “great Pagoda by the River” at Heishuicheng). Xi Xia xue 西夏學 4: 157–64.Google Scholar
Bojun, Sun 孫伯君. 2007. “Beijing daxue tushuguan suo cang ‘Huayan jing’ juan 42 canpian kao 北京大學圖書館所藏‘華嚴經’卷42殘片考” (A Note about the Fragment of the “Huayan Sutra,” Volume 42, Preserved in the Beijing University Library).” Xi Xia xue 西夏學 2: 99101.Google Scholar
Bojun, Sun 2011a. “Yuan kan ‘Hexi zang’ kaobu 元刊《河西藏》考補(A Supplementary Note on the Yuan Printing of the “Hexi Canon”). Minzu yanjiu 民族研究 2: 5663.Google Scholar
Bojun, Sun 2011b. “Yuandai Baiyun zong yi kan Xi Xia wen wenxian zongkao 元代白雲宗譯刊西夏文献綜考” (A Comprehensive Study of the Translation and Printing of Xi Xia Texts by the White Cloud Sect during the Yuan). Wen xian 文獻 2: 146–57.Google Scholar
Kaijian, Tang 湯開建. 1987. “Yuandai Xi Xia ren de zhengzhi diwei 元代西夏人的政治地位” (The Political Status of Tanguts during the Yuan). Gansu minzu yanjiu 甘肅民族研究 12: 1026.Google Scholar
Han, Wang 王菡. 2005. “Yuandai Hangzhou kan ke Dazangjing yu Xi Xia de guanxi 元代杭州刊刻大藏經與西夏的關係” (The Relationship between Xi Xia and the Yuan Printing at Hangzhou of the Buddhist Canon). Wenxian 文獻 1: 111–18.Google Scholar
Wang, Helen, and Perkins, John, eds. 2008. Handbook to the Collections of Sir Aurel Stein in the UK. London.Google Scholar
Yulin, Wu 武宇林 and Shintarō, Arakawa 荒川愼太郎. 2011. Riben cang Xi Xia wen wenxian 日本藏西夏文文獻 (Xi Xia Documents Collected in Japan). Beijing.Google Scholar
Xibei di er minzu xueyuan 西北第二民族學院, Shanghai guji chubanshe 上海古籍出版社, and British Library. 2005. Yingguo guojia tushuguan cang heishuicheng wenxian 英國國家圖書館藏黑水城文獻 (Qara-Qoto Documents Collected in the British Library), 4 vols. Shanghai.Google Scholar
Jisheng, Xie 謝繼勝 2001. Xi Xia zangchuan huihua: Heishuicheng chutu Xi Xia tangka yanjiu 西夏藏傳繪畵: 黑水城出土西夏唐卡研究 (Xi Xia Tibetan Buddhist Art: Research on Xi Xia Thangkas Unearthed at Heishuicheng), 2 vols. Shijiazhuang.Google Scholar
Jisheng, Xie 2006. “A Unique Tangut Thangka in the Wuwei City Museum: Study of a Thangka Discovered in the Tara Cave Temple.” In Han Zang fojiao yishu yanjiu 漢藏佛教藝術研究 (Studies in Sino-Tibetan Buddhist Art), ed. Jisheng, Xie, Weirong, Shen, and Yang, Liao, 427–58. Beijing.Google Scholar
Wenbin, Xiong 熊文彬. 2003. “Cong banhua kan Xi Xia fojiao yishu dui Yuan dai neidi zangchuan fojiao yishu de yingxiang 從版畵看西夏佛教藝術對元代内地藏傳佛教藝術的影響” (The Influence of Xi Xia Buddhist Art as Seen in Sutra Illustrations on the Tibetan Buddhist Art of Interior China during the Yuan). Zhongguo zang xue 中國藏學 1: 6679, 90; 3: 87–94.Google Scholar
Fuxue, Yang 楊富學 and Aifeng, Chen 陳愛峰. 2011. Xi Xia yu zhoubian guanxi yanjiu 西夏與周邊關係研究 (Studies on the Relationships of Xi Xia with Its Neighbors). Lanzhou.Google Scholar
Jianlu, Zhu 朱建路 and Jia, Liu 劉佳. 2012. “Yuandai Tangwuren Li Ailu muzhi kaoshi 元代唐兀人李愛魯墓志考釋” (Study of the Epitaph for the Yuan Dynasty Tangut Li Ailu). Minzu yanjiu 民族研究 3: 7680.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Tangut Sources
  • Edited by Michal Biran, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hodong Kim, Seoul National University
  • Book: The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire
  • Online publication: 01 January 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316337424.039
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Tangut Sources
  • Edited by Michal Biran, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hodong Kim, Seoul National University
  • Book: The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire
  • Online publication: 01 January 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316337424.039
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Tangut Sources
  • Edited by Michal Biran, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hodong Kim, Seoul National University
  • Book: The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire
  • Online publication: 01 January 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316337424.039
Available formats
×