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20 - Archaeological Sources

The Chaghadaid Khanate

from Volume II Part 2 - Archaeological and Visual Sources

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

By
Alexander V. Pachkalov
Edited by
Michal Biran  and
Hodong Kim
Michal Biran
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Hodong Kim
Affiliation:
Seoul National University
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Summary

The archaeological study of Chaghadaid material culture began in the second half of the nineteenth century, after the annexation of Central Asia to the Russian Empire. The main archaeological sites on the territory of the Chaghadaid Ulus consisted of settlements. Judging by the numismatic data, the largest cities of the ulus were Almaliq (China), Pulad (China), Samarqand (Uzbekistan), Bukhara (Uzbekistan), Otrar (Kazakhstan), Shash (Uzbekistan), Taraz or Talas (Kazakhstan), Khujand (Tajikistan), Andijan (Uzbekistan), and Tirmidh or Termez (Uzbekistan). Archaeologists have studied the nomadic burials of the Chaghadaid period in Kazakhstan. Features of the funeral rites indicate the preservation of pagan traditions in the nomadic environment (for instance the ritual of burning corpses, sepulchral mounds, the remains of funeral food, horse harnesses). The erection of mausoleums reflects the Islamization process of the Chaghadaid Ulus. Among the Chaghadaid-period epigraphic monuments, Christian tombstones are the most apparent.

Keywords

Chaghadaid UlusAlmaliqOtrarSamarqandBukharacoin hoardsmausoleumsChristian tombstonesCentral Asianomadic burials
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire , pp. 1340 - 1348
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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