Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Introduction
- 1 The rise of the Ming dynasty, 1330–1367
- 2 Military Origins of Ming China
- 3 The Hung-wu reign, 1368–1398
- 4 The Chien-wen, Yung-lo, Hung-hsi, and Hsüan-te reigns, 1399–1435
- 5 The Cheng-t'ung, Ching-t'ai, and T'len-shun reigns, 1436–1464
- 6 The Ch'eng-hua and Hung-chih reigns, 1465–1505
- 7 The Cheng-te reign, 1506–1521
- 8 The Chia-ching reign, 1522–1566
- 9 The Lung-ch'ing and Wan-li reigns, 1567–1620
- 10 The T'ai-ch'ang, T'ien-ch'i, and Ch'ung-chen reigns, 1620–1644
- 11 The Southern Ming, 1644–1662
- 12 Historical writing during the Ming
- Bibliographic notes
- Bibliography
- Glossary-index
- References
12 - Historical writing during the Ming
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2008
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Introduction
- 1 The rise of the Ming dynasty, 1330–1367
- 2 Military Origins of Ming China
- 3 The Hung-wu reign, 1368–1398
- 4 The Chien-wen, Yung-lo, Hung-hsi, and Hsüan-te reigns, 1399–1435
- 5 The Cheng-t'ung, Ching-t'ai, and T'len-shun reigns, 1436–1464
- 6 The Ch'eng-hua and Hung-chih reigns, 1465–1505
- 7 The Cheng-te reign, 1506–1521
- 8 The Chia-ching reign, 1522–1566
- 9 The Lung-ch'ing and Wan-li reigns, 1567–1620
- 10 The T'ai-ch'ang, T'ien-ch'i, and Ch'ung-chen reigns, 1620–1644
- 11 The Southern Ming, 1644–1662
- 12 Historical writing during the Ming
- Bibliographic notes
- Bibliography
- Glossary-index
- References
Summary
INTRODUCTION: SOME GENERAL TRENDS
The nearly three centuries of the Ming dynasty's rule can hardly be considered a homogeneous period, and the changes that took place during this time touched all aspects of Chinese cultural and intellectual life. Historiography in its broadest sense was no exception. Although innovations develop only gradually over a long period, on the whole the historical writing of the last century of the Ming dynasty differed considerably from that of the first century. The difference became evident in quality as well as in quantity. The details of these changes will be elaborated in the course of this chapter. They may be summarized here as a more critical attitude toward source materials, which became gradually evident during the sixteenth century and distinguished the later period from the earlier one.
Economic developments in the sixteenth century, particularly in the lower Yangtze area, made literary education for their offspring affordable to ever more people. Literacy expanded greatly, and the demand for reading materials (including writings on history) increased. One aspect of this general trend was the large increase in the quotas of successful candidates in the official examinations. These men were also the prospective readers of historical writings. The average number of successful candidates in the metropolitan examination (who formed the majority of authors and compilers of publications relevant to history) rose from roughly 150 every three years in the period from 1388 to 1448 to 290 in each triennial examination period between 1451 and 1505, and to 330 between 1508 and 1643.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Cambridge History of China , pp. 726 - 782Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1988
References
. Political theory and administrative reality in traditional China. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1965.
. Li Zhi, philosophe maudit (1527–1602): Contribution à une sociologie du mandarinat chinois de la fin des Ming. Travaux de Droit, d'Économie, de Sociologie et de Sciences Politiques, No. 116. Genève and Paris: Librairie Droz, 1979.
“Guides for vexed travelers: Route books in the Ming and Qing.” Ch'ing shih wen t'i, 4, No. 5 (June 1981), and 4, No. 6 (December 1981).Google Scholar
Une réforme locale en Chine an XVIe siècle: Hai Jui à Chun'an 1558–1562. Paris and The Hague: Mouton, 1973.
Chu ssu chih chang. 1380; rpt. Vols. 43–50 of Hsüan-lan t'ang ts'ung shu ', ed. , 1940–1941; rpt. Taipei: Chung-yang t'u-shu kuan, 1981.Google Scholar
, ed. (Ku kung po wu yüan wen hsien kuan hsien ts'un) Ch'ing tai shih lu tsung mu. Peiping: Kuo-li Pei-p'ing Ku-kung po-wu yüan wen-hsien kuan, 1934.
et al. ed. Ming shih. 1736; rpt. Peking: Chung-hua shu-chü, 1974.
et al., eds. Ming shih lu chung chih Tung-nan Ya shih liao. Vol. I, Hong Kong: Hsüeh-chin ch'u-pan she, 1968; and Vol. II, Hong Kong: Hsüeh-chin ch'u-pan she, 1976.
. et al., ed. Huang Ming ching shih wen pien. N.p.: P'ing-lu t'ang, 1638; facsimile rpt. Taipei: Kuo-lien ch'u-pan yu-hsien kung-ssu, 1964.
. Chin yen. 1566; rpt. ch. 144–47 of Chi lu hui pien, ed. . 1617; rpt. Shanghai: Shang-wu yin-shu kuan, 1938.
“The records of the Ming philosophers: An introduction.” Oriens Extremus, 23, No. 2 (December 1976).Google Scholar
. “Ha-fo ta hsüeh Ha-fo Yen-ching hsüeh she t'u shu kuan ts'ang Ming tai lei shu kai shu (shang).” Ch'ing-hua hs ü eh pao, NS 2, No. 2 (1961).Google Scholar
. P'u-shu t'ing chi. Preface 1714; rpt. Cases 155–156 of Ssu pu ts'ung k'an, ed. . Shanghai: Shang-wu yin-shu kuan, 1926.
. Kuang-tung hsin yü. Ca. 1680; rpt. Hong Kong: Chiu-lung Chung-hua shu-chü, 1974.
. (Chih shan) yeh chi. Ming (1368–1644) edition; photographic rpt. in Vol. 11, No. 6 (ch. 79) of Li tai hsiao shih, ed. . 1940; rpt. Taipei: T'ai-wan Shang-wu yin-shu kuan. 1969.
, ed. Ming shih lu yu kuan Yün-nan li shih tzu liao chai ch'ao. Lunming: Yün-nan min-tsu tiao-ch'a tsu, 1959.
. Histoire générale de la Chine, ou Annates de cet Empire; traduites du Tong-Kien Kang-Mou, 13 vols. Paris: Pierres and Clousier, 1779–85.
, and . Ch'ing administration: Three studies. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1960.
, and . “The types and uses of Ch'ing documents.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 5 (1940).Google Scholar
“Some aspects of Chinese private historiography in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.” In Historians of China and Japan, ed. and . London: Oxford University Press, 1961.Google Scholar
“Das Tsě Tschi t'ung-kien und das T'ung kien kang-mu, ihr Wesen, ihr Verhältnis zueinander und ihr Quellenwert.” Sitzungs-berichte der Preuβischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. [Berlin] (Philosophisch-Historische Klasse), 4 (1930).Google Scholar
“Der Ursprung der chinesischen Geschichtsschreibung.” Sitzungsherichte der Preuβischen Akademie der Wissenschaften [Berlin] (Philosophisch-Historische Klasse), 23 (1925).Google Scholar
“Der Kompilation und Überlieferung der Ming shih-lu.” Sinologische Arbeiten, I (1943).Google Scholar
An introduction to the sources of Ming history. Kuala Lumpur and Singapore: University of Malaya Press, 1968.
“Material aus gesammelten Schriften (Pieh-chi) als Quelle fülr Lokalgeschichte: Bemerkungen zu einer Untersuchung von Michel Cartier.” Oriens Extremus, 21 (1974).Google Scholar
“Miszellen von einer Chinareise 1977: Bemerkungen zu einigen Ming Inschriften.” In Studia Sino-Mongolica: Festschrift für Herbert Franke, ed. . Münchener Ostasiatische Studien, No. 25. Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1979.Google Scholar
“The veritable records of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644).” In Historians of China and Japan, ed. and . London: Oxford University Press, 1961.Google Scholar
The “Mongol atlas” of China by Chu Ssu-pen and the Kuang-yü-t'u. Peking: Fu-jen University, 1947.
The literary inquisition of Ch'ien-lung. American Council of Learned Societies Devoted to Humanistic Studies, Studies in Chinese and Related Civilizations, No. 1. Baltimore: Waverly Press, 1935.
“The ninety-nine ways of destroying the Manchus.” T'ien Hsia Monthly, 6, No. 5 (1938).Google Scholar
and , ed. Dictionary of Ming biography. New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1976.
“Aufzeichnungen über die Brokatuniform-Brigade (chin-i wei) von Wang Shih-chen. 2. Teil.” In China, Kultur, Politik und Wirt-schaft: Festschrift für Alfred Hoffmann zum 65. Geburtstag, ed. , , and . Tubingen and Basel: Erdmann, 1976.Google Scholar
Die Brokatuniform-Brigade (Chin-i wei) der Ming-Zeit von den Anfängen bis zum Ende der T'ien-shun-Periode (1368 – 1464). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1975.
. “Hsia-ke Hsu, pioneer of modern geography in China.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 48 (1958).Google Scholar
. Hsiu shih t'iao i. 1696; rpt. in Ming shih li an, ed. . , 1915; facsimile rpt. Peking: Wen-wu ch'u-pan she, 1982, 2.
. Ming tai lü li hui pien, 2 vols. Taipei: Chung-yang yen-chiu yüan li-shih yü-yen yen-chiu so, 1979.
“Governmental organization of the Ming dynasty.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 21 (1958) and 23 (1960–61).Google Scholar
Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing period, 2 vols. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1943–44.
“The T'ang bureau of historiography before 708.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 23 (1960–61).Google Scholar
. “Minki sandai kikyochū kō.” In Mindai Man-Mō shi kenkyū, ed. . Kyoto: Kyōto daigaku bungakubu, 1963.Google Scholar
. Ch'i hsiu lei kao. 1566 or later; rpt. in Ming Ching pi chi ts'ung k'an, ed. . Peking: Chung-hua shu-chü, 1961.
, trans. The Li Ki. Part III of The sacred books of China: The texts of Confucianism. Vol. XXVII – XXVIII of The sacred books of the East, ed. . Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1885.
. “Clan genealogies as they relate to local history.” Chinese Culture, 22, No. 1 (Taipei, 1981).Google Scholar
. Ssu ch'ao ta cheng lu. Early seventeenth century; rpt. No. 46 of Kuo hsüeh wen k'u. Peking: Wen-tien ko shu-chuang, 1937.
. Keng ssu pien. Ca. 1520; rpt. in ch. 164–73 of Chi lu hui pien, ed. . 1617; rpt. in No. 16 of Pai pu ts'ung shu chi ch'eng, ed. , Taipei: I-wen yin-shu kuan, 1966.Google Scholar
. “Wei Chung-hsien (1568–1628): A reappraisal of the eunuch and the factional strife at the late Ming court.” Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms International, 1968.
. “Shuku Inmei no shigaku” Shirin, No. 1 (January 1968), pp. 26–43; rpt. in his Mindai bunkashi kenkyū, Toyōshi kenkyū sōkan, No. 31. Tokyo: Dōhōsha, 1979.Google Scholar
. “Min jitsuroku no kenkyū.” In Mindai Man-Mō shi kenkyū, ed. . Kyoto:Kyōto daigaku bungakubu, 1963. Rpt. in his Mindai bunka shi kenkyū, Tōyōshi kenkyū sōkan, No. 31. Tokyo: Dōhōsha, 1979.Google Scholar
, trans. Ma Huan, Ying-yai sheng-lan: The overall survey of the ocean's shores [1433]. Hakluyt Society, Extra series No. XLII;. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press: 1970.
. Huang Ming tsu hsün. 1395; rpt. in Ming ch'ao k'ai kuo wen hsien. In No. 34 of Chung-kuo shih hsüeh ts'ung shu, ed. . Taipei: Hsüeh-sheng shu-chü, 1966, III.
The poet K'ao Ch'i. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1962.
Chu Yün-ming (1461–1527) and cultural commitment in Soochow. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms International, 1978.
. Shina shigaku shi. Tokyo: Kōbun-dō, 1961.
“Aspects of traditional Chinese biography.” Journal of Asian Studies, 21, No. 4 (1962).Google Scholar
Das Postwesen in China unter der Mongolenherrschaft im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1954.
“The life of Ku Yen-wu (1612–1682).” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 28 (1968) and 29 (1969).Google Scholar
Nan-tchao ye-che, Histoire particulière du Nan-tchao: Traduction d'une histoire de l'ancien Yun-nan accompagnée d'une carte et d'un lexique géographique et historique. Paris: Imp. Nationale, 1904.
, trans. “Pei-lou fong-sou, les coutumes des esclaves septen-trionaux de Siao Ta-heng suivi des Tables généalogiques” Monumenta Serica, 10 (1945).Google Scholar
, comp. Ta Ming hui tien, 228 ch. 1587; rpt. 40 vols. Shanghai: Shang-wu yin-shu kuan, 1936; photographic rpt. 5 vols. Taipei: Tung-nan shu-pao she, 1964.
(Wan-li) yeh huo pien. 1619; rpt. 1827; rpt.
“Uses of history in traditional Chinese society: The southern Ming in Ch'ing historiography.” Ann Arbor. Mich.: University Microfilms International, 1974.
. Ch'un ming meng yü lu. Early Ch'ing (1644–1911) period; rpt. Nan-hai: Hsi-fen-yin kuan Ku-hsiang chai, 1883; rpt. Hong Kong: Lung-men shu-tien, 1965.
. “Ta Ming jih li hsü.” in Ming wen tsai, ed. : , 1889; photographic rpt. Vol. 197 of Kuo hsüeh chi pen ts'ung shu, ed. . Taipei: T'ai-wan Shang-wu yin-shu kuan, 1968. Also Taipei: Ching-hua shu-chü, 1967.Google Scholar
“Liang tien liang fang chung shu”, (Wan-li) yeb huopien (1619; rpt. Peking, 1959, 1980).Google Scholar
“Chinese biographical writing.” In Historians of China and Japan, ed. and . London: Oxford University Press, 1969.Google Scholar
“Problems of Chinese biography.” In Confucian personalities, ed. . Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.Google Scholar
. Chen tse ch'ang yü. Early sixteenth century; rpt. in Chi lu hui pien, ed. . 1617; rpt. Shanghai: Shang-wu yin-shu kuan, 1938.
. Chung kuan k'ao. Ch.90–100 of Yen-shan t'ang pieh chi. 1590; rpt. No. 16 of Chung-kuo li shih ts'ung shu, ed. . Taipei: Hsüeh-sheng shu-chü, 1965.
, trans. Records of the grand historian of China: Translated from the Shih chi of Ssu-ma Ch'ien, 2 vols. New York: Columbia University Press, 1961; 3rd ed., 1968.
“Bemerkungen zur Bedeutung der Regionalbe-schreibungen (fang-chih).” Oriens Extremus, 15 (1968).Google Scholar
Chinas dritte Grenze: Der traditionelle chinesische Staat und der küstennahe Seeraum. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1969.
“Transmission of Ming memorials and the evaluation of the transmission network.” T'oung Pao, 54 (1968).Google Scholar
. “The organization of Chinese official historiography.” In Historians of China and Japan, ed. and . London: Oxford University Press, 1961.Google Scholar
. Shao Nien-lu nien p'u. Shanghai: Shang-wu yin-shu kuan, 1930; rpt. Shanghai: Shang-wu yin-shu kuan, 1934; rpt. Taipei: T'ai-wan Shang-wu yin-shu kuan, 1971.
. Gen-Min shi gaisetsu. Vol. 2 of Chūgoku shijin senshū, ed. . Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1963.
ō. “Shinpo no ichi keishiki – Sō igo no Chūgoku no shinpo ni tsuite.” Asahi shinbun, 3 January 1958; rpt. in Yoshikawa Kōjirō zenshū. Tokyo: Chikuma shobō, 1969, Vol. XIII.Google Scholar
- 5
- Cited by