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2 - Exploring the Sources of Indirect Evidence for Cardiovascular Disease in Bioarchaeology

Potential Impact on Understanding Its Evolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 March 2023

By
Charlotte A. Roberts
Edited by
Michaela Binder ,
Charlotte A. Roberts  and
Daniel Antoine
Michaela Binder
Affiliation:
Novetus GmbH Archaeological Services
Charlotte A. Roberts
Affiliation:
Durham University
Daniel Antoine
Affiliation:
British Museum, London
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Summary

The first two involve blockage of blood vessels to the heart and brain, usually due to fat build-up, leading to heart attacks and strokes, respectively, but blood clots (emboli) and bleeding from a blood vessel can also cause a stroke. Fat globules may also be released into the bloodstream following severe injuries to bones. They are caused by disruption of fat cells in fractured bones (especially the femur and pelvis), and can also cause blockage of the vessels (Rothberg & Makarewich, 2019). CVDs further include rheumatic heart disease, where the heart muscle and valves are damaged by streptococcal bacteria in rheumatic fever; heart malformation at birth (congenital heart disease; and deep vein thrombosis, which leads to blood clots usually being released from the leg veins into the bloodstream causing blockage of a pulmonary artery, known as an embolism (World Health Organization, 2019).

Type
Chapter
Information
The Bioarchaeology of Cardiovascular Disease , pp. 7 - 38
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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