Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T01:31:47.342Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

3 - Architectural Terracottas of Central Italy within Their Wider Mediterranean Context

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 March 2022

By
Nancy A. Winter
Edited by
Charlotte R. Potts
Charlotte R. Potts
Affiliation:
University of Oxford
Get access

Summary

Following the reinvention of terracotta roof tiles in the second quarter of the seventh century BC, most probably in Corinth, the technology spread to other regions of the Mediterranean world. During the third quarter of the seventh century, several local and regional workshops can be identified, at select sites in Greece and in Etruria. By the fourth quarter of the century, decorated roofs are found in other parts of Greece and Italy. The most prolific and highly decorative period is the first third of the sixth century BC, when local workshops actively copied elements from elsewhere and invention of new forms was at its peak. This discussion focuses on the interrelationship between the roofs of different regions, the sharing of technology and of décor, in order to show the special place of Etruscan terracotta roofs in the evolution of this distinctive architectural feature. Etruria not only followed trends in terracotta roofing found throughout the ancient Mediterranean world, but also can be shown to have contributed specific roof elements and types of roof decoration which had a wide impact on later generations of roofs.

Keywords

Greek architectural terracottasEtruscan architectural terracottasroof tilesterracotta roofsdiffusion of tile roofingGreek architectureEtruscan architecture
Type
Chapter
Information
Architecture in Ancient Central Italy
Connections in Etruscan and Early Roman Building
 , pp. 62 - 94
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Åkerström, Å., 1966. Die architektonischen Terrakotten Kleinasiens. Lund: CWK Gleerup.Google Scholar
Aversa, G., 2012. I tetti achei. Terrecotte architettoniche di età arcaica in Magna Grecia. Paestum: Pandemos.Google Scholar
Baratti, G., and Mordeglia, L., 2009. ‘Un’officina per la cottura di tegole a Tarquinia in età orientalizzante’. In I mestieri del fuoco: Officine e impianti artigianali nell’Italia preromana, pp. 83–99. (Officina etruscologia 1). Rome: Officina Edizioni.Google Scholar
Bartoloni, G., ten Kortenaar, S., and van Kampen, I., 2011. ‘Le terrecotte architettoniche dalla casa-torre di Veio-Piazza d’Armi: nuove acquisizioni’. In Deliciae Fictiles IV: Architectural Terracottas in Ancient Italy. Images of Gods, Monsters and Heroes. Proceedings of the International Conference held in Rome (Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia, Royal Netherlands Institute) and Syracuse (Museo Archeologico Regionale ‘Paolo Orsi’), October 21–25, 2009, edited by Lulof, P and Rescigno, C, pp. 508–13. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Bellelli, V., 2019. ‘Le terrecotte architettoniche del santuario del Manganello (Cerveteri)’. In Deliciae Fictiles V: Networks and Workshops. Architectural Terracottas and Decorative Roof Systems in Italy and Beyond. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference held at the University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ and the National Archaeological Museum in Naples, March 15–17, 2018, edited by Lulof, P, Manzini, I, and Rescigno, C, pp. 472–80. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Brocato, P., and Terrenato, N., 2016. ‘Nuove ricerche sugli scavi dell’Accademia Americana alla Regia’. In Nuove studi sulla Regia di Roma, edited by Brocato, P. and Terrenato, N., pp. 9–21. Cosenza: Luigi Pellegrini Editore.Google Scholar
Ciurcina, C., 2012. ‘La decorazione degli edifici di culto a Siracusa: terrecotte architettoniche e figurate’. Archivio Storico Siracusano 47: 367–408.Google Scholar
Conti, M. C., 2012. Le terrecotte architettoniche di Selinunte: Tetti del VI e V secolo a.C. Pisa/Rome: Fabrizio Serra Editore.Google Scholar
D’Alessio, A. , Marino, S, and Rescigno, C., 2017. ‘Artigiani per un impero? Un tetto nuovo e uno riconsiderato da Sibari e Poseidonia’. In Dialoghi sull’Archeologia della Magna Grecia e del Mediterraneo. Atti del I Convegno Internazionale di Studi (Paestum, 7–9 settembre 2016), edited by Pontrandolfo, A. and Scafuro, M, pp. 963–86. Paestum: Pandemos.Google Scholar
Danner, P., 1997. Westgriechische Akrotere (Salzburger Studien zur Archäologie). Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern.Google Scholar
Danner, P., 2000. ‘Westgriechische Giebeldekorationen, 1. Gorgoneia’. Römische historische Mitteilungen 42: 19–105.Google Scholar
Danner, P., 2019. ‘Überlegungen zur Entstehung der Akrotere in Kleinasien, Griechenland und Italien’. In Deliciae Fictiles V: Networks and Workshops. Architectural Terracottas and Decorative Roof Systems in Italy and Beyond. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference held at the University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ and the National Archaeological Museum in Naples, March 15–17, 2018, edited by Lulof, P, Manzini, I, and Rescigno, C, pp. 19–33. Oxford: Oxbow.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Stefano, F., 2019. L’immagine e il contesto. Produzioni figurative e immaginario sociale nelle comunità della Siritide e del Metapontino (VIII–VI sec. a.C.). (Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in Oriente, Suppl. 4). Athens: Scuola archeologica italiana di Atene.Google Scholar
Di Giuliomaria, D., 2016. ‘Un riesame preliminare delle fasi arcaiche ed alcuni cenni relativi alle fasi repubblicane’. In Nuove studi sulla Regia di Roma, edited by Brocato, P. and Terrenato, N, pp. 109–38. Cosenza: Luigi Pellegrini Editore.Google Scholar
Fabbri, M., 2019. ‘Le lastre architettoniche dall’edificio tripartito di Gabii’. In Deliciae Fictiles V: Networks and Workshops. Architectural Terracottas and Decorative Roof Systems in Italy and Beyond. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference held at the University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ and the National Archaeological Museum in Naples, March 15–17, 2018, edited by Lulof, P, Manzini, I, and Rescigno, C, pp. 417–25. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Filippi, D., 2004. ‘La domus Regia’. Workshop di archeologia classica 1: 101–21.Google Scholar
Frese, S., Pappone, I., and Vecchio, V., 2019. ‘Per il corpus delle terrecotte architettoniche di Poseidonia’. In Deliciae Fictiles V: Networks and Workshops. Architectural Terracottas and Decorative Roof Systems in Italy and Beyond. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference held at the University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ and the National Archaeological Museum in Naples, March 15–17, 2018, edited by Lulof, P, Manzini, I, and Rescigno, C, pp. 261–6. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Fusco, U., and Di Giuliomaria, D., 2019. ‘Prime considerazioni sulle terrecotte architettoniche presso il santuario di Campetti, area sud-ovest, a Veio (RM)’. In Deliciae Fictiles V: Networks and Workshops. Architectural Terracottas and Decorative Roof Systems in Italy and Beyond. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference held at the University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ and the National Archaeological Museum in Naples, March 15–17, 2018, edited by Lulof, P, Manzini, I, and Rescigno, C, pp. 458–63. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Grillo, E., 2011. ‘Locri Epizefiri: terrecotte architettoniche ineditie dal santuario di Marasà’. Quaderni di Archeologia a cura dell’Università degli Studi di Messina 1: 105–27.Google Scholar
Heiden, J., 1995. Die Tondächer von Olympia (Olympische Forschungen 24). Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Hostetter, E., 1994. Lydian Architectural Terracottas: A Study in Tile Replication, Display and Technique. Atlanta: Scholars Press.Google Scholar
Hübner, G., 2018a. ‘Οι στέγες του ιερού του Απόλλωνος στον Θέρμο Αιτωλίας’. Ιn Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Βορειοδυτική Ελλάδα και τα Νησιά του Ιονίου, Ιωάννινα, 10–13 Δεκεμβρίου 2014, Πρακτικά, pp. 585–606. Athens: Έκδοσή του Ταμείου Αρχαιολογικών Πορών και Απαλλοτριωσέων.Google Scholar
Hübner, G., 2018b. ‘Die Dächer des großen Tempels von Thermos (Ätolien): der plastische Schmuck’. In Πήλινα γλυπτά και κεραμώσεις: Νέα ευρήματα & νέες προοπτικές/Terracotta Sculpture and Roofs: New Discoveries & New Perspectives. Proceedings of a Workshop held Friday, 15th May 2015, in the Upper House, British School at Athens, edited by Moustaka, A., pp. 33–60. Athens: Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού, Ταμείο Αρχαιολογικών Πόρων.Google Scholar
Lang, M., 2010. Der bunte Himmel: Untersuchungen zu den Tondächern westgriechischer Typologie (BAR International Series 2098). Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.Google Scholar
Lentini, M. C., and Pakkanen, J., 2011. ‘The Sanctuary to the West of the Santa Venera: A Review’. In Deliciae Fictiles IV: Architectural Terracottas in Ancient Italy. Images of Gods, Monsters and Heroes. Proceedings of the International Conference held in Rome (Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia, Royal Netherlands Institute) and Syracuse (Museo Archeologico Regionale ‘Paolo Orsi’), October 21–25, 2009, edited by Lulof, P and Rescigno, C, pp. 417–25. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Marconi, C., 2007. Temple Decoration and Cultural Identity in the Archaic Greek World: The Metopes of Selinus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Marconi, C., 2016. ‘The Greek West: Temples and Their Decoration’. In A Companion to Greek Architecture, edited by Miles, M. M., pp. 75–91. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Marconi, C., 2018a. ‘Un acroterio equestre da Selinunte?’ In Antico e non antico, Scritti multidisciplinari offerti a Giuseppe Pucci, edited by Nizzo, V. and Pizzo, A., pp. 377–84. Milan: Mimesis Edizioni.Google Scholar
Marconi, C., 2018b. ‘Il Tempio R e la sua dea’. In Gli esametri Getty e Selinunte. Testo e contesto, edited by Antonetti, C., pp. 179–200. Alessandria: Edizioni dell’Orso.Google Scholar
Marzolff, P., 2017. ‘Beobachtungen am ältesten keramischen Dachdecksystem’. In Werkspuren. Materialverarbeitung und handwerkliches Wissen im antiken Bauwesen. Internationales Kolloquium in Berlin vom 13.–16. Mai 2015 veranstaltet vom Architekturreferat des DAI im Henry-Ford-Bau der Freien Universität Berlin, edited by Kurapkat, D. and Wulf-Rheidt, U., pp. 179–90. Regensburg: Verlag Schnell und Steiner.Google Scholar
Mertens-Horn, M., 1992. ‘Die archaischen Baufriese aus Metapont’. Römische Mitteilungen 99: 1–122.Google Scholar
Mertens-Horn, M., 1995. ‘Corinto e l’Occidente nelle immagini. La nascita di Pegaso e la nascita di Afrodite’. In Corinto e l’Occidente: Atti del XXXIV Convegno di Studi sulla Magna Grecia (Taranto, 7–11 ottobre 1994), pp. 257–89. Naples: Istituto per la Storia e l’Archeologia della Magna Grecia.Google Scholar
Monterosso, G., 2019. ‘Terrecotte architettoniche da Leontinoi: il santuario extraurbano di Scala Portazza’. In Deliciae Fictiles V: Networks and Workshops. Architectural Terracottas and Decorative Roof Systems in Italy and Beyond. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference held at the University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ and the National Archaeological Museum in Naples, March 15–17, 2018, edited by Lulof, P, Manzini, I, and Rescigno, C, pp. 104–18. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Moretti Sgubini, A., and Ricciardi, L., 2011. ‘Terrecotte architettoniche da Guadocinto di Tuscania’. In Deliciae Fictiles IV: Architectural Terracottas in Ancient Italy. Images of Gods, Monsters and Heroes. Proceedings of the International Conference held in Rome (Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia, Royal Netherlands Institute) and Syracuse (Museo Archeologico Regionale ‘Paolo Orsi’), October 21–25, 2009, edited by Lulof, P and Rescigno, C, pp. 155–63. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Moustaka, A., 1993. Grossplastik aus Ton in Olympia (Olympische Forschungen XXII), Berlin/New York: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Ohnesorg, A., 2007. Review of Ulrich Schädler and Peter Schneider, Ein frühes Tondach aus dem Artemision von Ephesos. Gnomon 79.2: 149–58.Google Scholar
Özyiğit, Ö., 2009. ‘Recent Discoveries at Phocaea’. Empurias 20: 25–40.Google Scholar
Özyiğit, Ö., 2012. ‘The Horses of Phocaea’. In Ord. Prof. Dr. Ekrem Akurgal 100 Yaşında (Anatolia Supplement 3.1), edited by Bingöl, O., pp. 173–202. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi.Google Scholar
Panella, C., and Rescigno, C., 2019. ‘Roma. Tetti di terracotta dalle pendici nord-orientali del Palatino’. In Deliciae Fictiles V: Networks and Workshops. Architectural Terracottas and Decorative Roof Systems in Italy and Beyond. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference held at the University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ and the National Archaeological Museum in Naples, March 15–17, 2018, edited by Lulof, P, Manzini, I, and Rescigno, C, pp. 431–40. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Papapostolou, I. A., 2014. Το ιερό του Θέρμου στην Αιτωλία: Περιήγηση του χώρου (Βιβλιοθήκη της εν Αθήναις Αρχαιολογικής Εταιρείας αρ. 291). Αθήνα: Η εν Αθήναις Αρχαιολογική Εταιρεία.Google Scholar
Rescigno, C., 1998. Tetti campani. Età arcaica. Cuma, Pitecusa e gli altri contesti. Rome: G. Bretschneider.Google Scholar
Rescigno, C., 2017. ‘Il santuario di Athena: il tempio e le sue fasi di vita’. In Le armi di Athena. Il santuario settentrionale di Paestum, Catalogo della Mostra (Paestum, 25 novembre 2017–31 marzo 2018), edited by Graells i Fabregat, R., Longo, F., and Zuchtriegel, G., pp. 45–51. Naples: Editrice politecnica napoli.Google Scholar
Rystedt, E., 1983. Acquarossa, Vol. 4: Early Etruscan Akroteria from Acquarossa and Poggio Civitate (Murlo). Stockholm: Paul Åströms Förlag.Google Scholar
Sapirstein, P., 2012. ‘The Monumental Archaic Roof of the Temple of Hera at Mon Repos, Corfu’. Hesperia 81: 31–91.Google Scholar
Sapirstein, P., 2016. ‘Origin and Design of Terracotta Roofs in the Seventh Century bce’. In A Companion to Greek Architecture, edited by Miles, M. M., pp. 46–59. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Schädler, U., and Schneider, P., 2008. ‘Ein Tondach des 7. Jahrhunderts’. In Die Archäologie der ephesischen Artemis: Gestalt und Ritual eines Heiligtums, edited by Muss, U., pp. 255–62. Vienna: Phoibos Verlag.Google Scholar
Schwandner, E.-L., 1990. ‘Überlegungen zur technischen Struktur und Formentwicklung archaischer Dachterrakotten’. Hesperia 59: 291–300.Google Scholar
Timpano, F. V., 2016. ‘Per un riesame del sistema di copertura della Regia tra l’età arcaica ed alto repubblicana’. In Nuove studi sulla Regia di Roma, edited by Brocato, P. and Terrenato, N., pp. 139–47. Cosenza: Luigi Pellegrini Editore.Google Scholar
Tuck, A., Glennie, A., Kreindler, K., O’Donoghue, E., and Polisini, C., 2016. ‘2015 Excavations at Poggio Civitate and Vescovado di Murlo (Provincia di Siena)’. Etruscan Studies 19: 87–148.Google Scholar
Tuck, A., and Wallace, R., 2018. The Archaeology of Language at Poggio Civitate (Murlo) (Archaeologica 178). Rome: Giorgio Bretschneider.Google Scholar
van Kampen, I., and Magagnini, A., 2019. ‘1.5. I pozzi della Velia’. In La Roma dei Re. Il racconto dell’archeologia, edited by Damiani, I. and Parisi Presicce, C., pp. 159–66. Rome: Gangemi Editore.Google Scholar
Wikander, C., 1981. Acquarossa, Vol. 1: The Painted Architectural Terracottas, Part 1: Catalogue and Architectural Context. Stockholm: Paul Åströms Förlag.Google Scholar
Wikander, C., 1986. Sicilian Architectural Terracottas. Stockholm: Paul Åströms Förlag.Google Scholar
Wikander, C., 1988. Acquarossa, Vol. 1: The Painted Architectural Terracottas, Part 2: Typological and Decorative Analysis. Stockholm: Paul Åströms Förlag.Google Scholar
Wikander, Ö., 1986. Acquarossa, Vol. 6: The Roof-Tiles, Part 1: Catalogue and Architectural Context. Stockholm: Paul Åströms Förlag.Google Scholar
Wikander, Ö., 1988. ‘Ancient Roof-Tiles: Use and Function’. Opuscula Atheniensia 17: 203–16.Google Scholar
Wikander, Ö., 1992. ‘Archaic Roof-tiles: The First Generation’. Opuscula Atheniensia 19: 151–61.Google Scholar
Wikander, Ö., 1993. Acquarossa, Vol. 6: The Roof-Tiles, Part 2: Typology and Technical Features. Stockholm: Paul Åströms Förlag.Google Scholar
Wikander, Ö., 2017. Roof-Tiles and Tile Roofs at Poggio Civitate (Murlo). Stockholm: Svenska Institutet i Rom.Google Scholar
Winter, N. A., 1993. Greek Architectural Terracottas from the Prehistoric to the End of the Archaic Period (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology). Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Winter, N. A., 2006. ‘Gorgons, Minotaurs and Sibyls: A Shared Early Archaic Terracotta Roofing System at Pithecusae, Cumae and Rome’. In Across Frontiers: Etruscans, Greeks, Phoenicians and Cypriots. Studies in Honour of David and Francesca Romana Serra Ridgway, edited by Herring, E., Lemos, I., Lo Schiavo, F., Vagnetti, L., Whitehouse, R., and Wilkins, J., pp. 349–55. London: Accordia Research Institute.Google Scholar
Winter, N. A., 2009. Symbols of Wealth and Power: Architectural Terracotta Decoration in Etruria and Central Italy, 640–510 b.c. (Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, Supplementary Volume IX). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Winter, N. A., 2019. ‘Finding a Home for a Roof in Production within the Building History of Poggio Civitate (Murlo)’. Etruscan and Italic Studies 22: 65–94.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×