Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of figures, tables, and boxes
- List of contributors
- Preface
- List of abbreviations
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Agriculture and the trade negotiations: a synopsis
- Part I Experience and lessons from the implementation of WTO agreements
- Part II Interests, options, and objectives in a new trade round
- Part III New trade rules and quantitative assessments of future liberalization options
- Part IV New trade issues and developing country agriculture
- 15 Sanitary and phytosanitary barriers to agricultural trade: progress, prospects, and implications for developing countries
- 16 How developing countries view the impact of sanitary and phytosanitary measures on agricultural exports
- 17 State trading in agricultural trade: options and prospects for new rules
- 18 Environmental considerations in agricultural negotiations in the new WTO round
- 19 Intellectual property rights and agriculture
- 20 Genetically modified foods, trade, and developing countries
- 21 Multifunctionality and optimal environmental policies for agriculture in an open economy
- Author index
- Subject index
- References
16 - How developing countries view the impact of sanitary and phytosanitary measures on agricultural exports
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 February 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of figures, tables, and boxes
- List of contributors
- Preface
- List of abbreviations
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Agriculture and the trade negotiations: a synopsis
- Part I Experience and lessons from the implementation of WTO agreements
- Part II Interests, options, and objectives in a new trade round
- Part III New trade rules and quantitative assessments of future liberalization options
- Part IV New trade issues and developing country agriculture
- 15 Sanitary and phytosanitary barriers to agricultural trade: progress, prospects, and implications for developing countries
- 16 How developing countries view the impact of sanitary and phytosanitary measures on agricultural exports
- 17 State trading in agricultural trade: options and prospects for new rules
- 18 Environmental considerations in agricultural negotiations in the new WTO round
- 19 Intellectual property rights and agriculture
- 20 Genetically modified foods, trade, and developing countries
- 21 Multifunctionality and optimal environmental policies for agriculture in an open economy
- Author index
- Subject index
- References
Summary
As the Uruguay Round has liberalized tariff and quantitative barriers to trade, concern has grown about the impact of other measures – many of which are not explicitly trade-related – on agricultural and food exports. In particular, analysts widely acknowledge that technical measures such as food quality and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) requirements can impede trade, particularly for developing countries.
The Uruguay Round addressed the impact of these requirements through the SPS and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Agreements. This chapter identifies the specific problems of developing countries in meeting SPS requirements in developed country markets, especially the European Union (EU). We base our findings on the results of case studies and an in-depth survey of developing country officials.
SPS measures as barriers to trade
Concerns over food safety regulations, labeling requirements, and standards for food quality and composition reflect the global proliferation of such measures, particularly in developed countries (figure 16.1). These measures can damage trade by imposing an import ban or by prohibitively raising production and marketing costs. They can also divert trade from one trading partner to another by discriminating among suppliers. Finally, they can reduce overall trade flows by increasing the costs and barriers for all suppliers.
Attention to the trade impacts of SPS measures has focused largely on developed countries – through, for example, the high-profile dispute between the EU and the United States over the use of hormones to produce beef (Hormones case, see also chapter 15 in this volume).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Agriculture and the New Trade AgendaCreating a Global Trading Environment for Development, pp. 359 - 375Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2004
References
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