Integrated pest management (IPM) is nowadays considered the most appropriate approach to pest control. The introduction of IPM in developing countries is however not easy. Experience shows that it is a long-term process. Some experience of IPM programmes are briefly discussed (cotton in Latin America; rice in South East Asia and basic food crops in the Sahel). The attention of tropical entomology should not be focused on IPM only, but also be directed at problems not directly related to IPM. These include the need for better pesticide management, the avoidance of further spread of pests to previously infested area and the control of grasshopper outbreaks in Africa.

The recently developed “International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides” which was unanimously adopted by FAO Member Countries in 1985, can be an important instrument for better pesticide management. To make this code work is a challenge. The control of introduced pests absorbs resources which otherwise could have been used for the control of indigenous pests. Therefore quarantine measures should be strengthened to prevent such spread. Strengthening of Plant Protection Services represents another challenge as these services play a key role in pest control in general and also in implementing IPM. Training in biological control has to be strengthened with emphasis on practical methods which effectively lead to better field pest control. Biological control units have to be set up in countries where they do not exist. There is no fixed level of IPM which should be reached. IPM strategies should fit local conditions and be promoted in conjunction with improved agricultural practices. Priorities for intervention have to be set when developing IPM programmes.