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Challenges facing agricultural entomology in the tropics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

G. G. M. Schulten
G. G. M. Schulten
Affiliation:
Plant Protection Service, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy
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Abstract

Integrated pest management (IPM) is nowadays considered the most appropriate approach to pest control. The introduction of IPM in developing countries is however not easy. Experience shows that it is a long-term process. Some experience of IPM programmes are briefly discussed (cotton in Latin America; rice in South East Asia and basic food crops in the Sahel). The attention of tropical entomology should not be focused on IPM only, but also be directed at problems not directly related to IPM. These include the need for better pesticide management, the avoidance of further spread of pests to previously infested area and the control of grasshopper outbreaks in Africa.

The recently developed “International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides” which was unanimously adopted by FAO Member Countries in 1985, can be an important instrument for better pesticide management. To make this code work is a challenge. The control of introduced pests absorbs resources which otherwise could have been used for the control of indigenous pests. Therefore quarantine measures should be strengthened to prevent such spread. Strengthening of Plant Protection Services represents another challenge as these services play a key role in pest control in general and also in implementing IPM. Training in biological control has to be strengthened with emphasis on practical methods which effectively lead to better field pest control. Biological control units have to be set up in countries where they do not exist. There is no fixed level of IPM which should be reached. IPM strategies should fit local conditions and be promoted in conjunction with improved agricultural practices. Priorities for intervention have to be set when developing IPM programmes.

Résumé

De nos jours, la lutte intégrée apparaît comme le moyen le plus efficace d'aborder la lutte contre les ravageurs. Il n'est cependent pas facile d'introduire la lutte intégrée dans les pays en voie de développement. L'expérience prouve que c'est une processus à long terme. Diverses expériences en matière de programmes de lutte intégrée sont brièvement discutées (coton en Amérique latine, riz en Asie du Sud-Est et denrées alimentaires de base au Sahel). L'entomologie tropicale ne devrait pas être entièrement concentrée sur la lutte intégrée, mais répondre également aux besoins immédiats de la lutte contre les ravageurs à savoir: mieux utiliser les pesticides, éviter la propagation des ravageurs dans les régions déjà infestées, établir ou renforcer les services de protection des végétaux et lutter contre les infestations de criquets/acridiens.

Le Code international de conduite pour la distribution et l'utilisation des pesticides établi depuis peu, fut adopté à l'unanimité en 1985 par les pays membres de la FAO. Il peut permettre des progrès sensibles en matière d'utilisation des pesticides. Appliquer ce code représente un véritable défi. La lutte contre les ravageurs qui ont été introduits utilise des ressources qui sinon auraient pu être utilisées pour lutter contre les ravageurs locaux. Par conséquent, les mesures de quarantine devraient être renforcées pour empêcher une telle propagation. Le renforcement des services de protection des végétaux est un autre défi car ces services jouent un rôle déterminant dans la lutte contre les ravageurs en général ainsi que dans l'établissement de la lutte intégrée. La formation en lutte biologique doit être renforcée, en insistant tout particulièrement sur les méthodes pratiques qui permettent véritablement d'améliorer la lutte contre les ravageurs. Des unités de lutte biologique doivent être établies dans les pays où il n'en existe pas. En lutte intégrée, il n'y a pas de niveau standard: les diverses mesures devraient être adaptées aux conditions locales et promues en même temps que les techniques culturales améliorées. Des priorités doivent être déterminées lorsque le programme de lutte intégré est mis en place.

Keywords

Integrated pest managementcode of conductpesticide managementquarantinebiological controlplant protection serviceLutte integréecode international de conduiteutilisation rationelle des pesticidesquarantainelutte biologiqueservice de protection des végétaux
Type
Plenary Lectures I–III
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 8 , Issue 4-5-6: Recent Advances in Research on Tropical Entomology , December 1987 , pp. 397 - 405
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1987

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