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4 results

  • Chapter 6.1 - Anxiety Disorders

  • Edited by David Kingdon, University of Southampton, Paul Rowlands, Derbyshire Healthcare NHS foundation Trust, George Stein, Emeritus of the Princess Royal University Hospital
  • Book:
    Seminars in General Adult Psychiatry
    Published online:
    04 April 2024
    Print publication:
    18 April 2024, pp 293-313

  • Summary

    Anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders are common in community settings and primary and secondary medical care. Anxiety symptoms are often mild and only transient, but many people are troubled by severe symptoms that cause both considerable personal distress and a marked impairment in social and occupational function. The principal anxiety disorders are currently considered to comprise panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobias, separation anxiety disorder and selective mutism. Additional conditions (not considered further here) include substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder, anxiety disorder due to another medical condition, other specified anxiety disorder and unspecified anxiety disorder. Together, anxiety disorders constitute the most frequent mental disorders, with an estimated 12-month prevalence of approximately 10–14 per cent.

    Although the societal impact of anxiety disorders is substantial, many of those who could benefit from psychological or pharmacological treatment are neither recognised nor treated. Recognition relies on maintaining a keen awareness of the psychological and physical symptoms of anxiety disorders, and accurate diagnosis rests on identifying the pathognomonic features of specific conditions.

  • Separation anxiety disorder in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Prevalence and clinical correlates

  • A.P. Franz, L. Rateke, T. Hartmann, N. McLaughlin, A.R. Torres, M.C. do Rosário, E.C.M. Filho, Y.A. Ferrão
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue 1 / January 2015
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 April 2020, pp. 145-151
  • Objective:

    Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and separation anxiety disorder (SAD) tend to present higher morbidity than do those with OCD alone. However, the relationship between OCD and SAD has yet to be fully explored.

    Method:

    This was a cross-sectional study using multiple logistic regression to identify differences between OCD patients with SAD (OCD + SAD, n = 260) and without SAD (OCD, n = 695), in terms of clinical and socio-demographic variables. Data were extracted from those collected between 2005 and 2009 via the Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders project.

    Results:

    SAD was currently present in only 42 (4.4%) of the patients, although 260 (27.2%) had a lifetime diagnosis of the disorder. In comparison with the OCD group patients, patients with SAD + OCD showed higher chance to present sensory phenomena, to undergo psychotherapy, and to have more psychiatric comorbidities, mainly bulimia.

    Conclusion:

    In patients with primary OCD, comorbid SAD might be related to greater personal dysfunction and a poorer response to treatment, since sensory phenomena may be a confounding aspect on diagnosis and therapeutics. Patients with OCD + SAD might be more prone to developing specific psychiatric comorbidities, especially bulimia. Our results suggest that SAD symptom assessment should be included in the management and prognostic evaluation of OCD, although the psychobiological role that such symptoms play in OCD merits further investigation.

  • The separation of adult separation anxiety disorder

  • David S. Baldwin, Robert Gordon, Marianna Abelli, Stefano Pini
  • Journal:
    CNS Spectrums / Volume 21 / Issue 4 / August 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 August 2016, pp. 289-294

  • The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) categorization of mental disorders places “separation anxiety disorder” within the broad group of anxiety disorders, and its diagnosis no longer rests on establishing an onset during childhood or adolescence. In previous editions of DSM, it was included within the disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence, with the requirement for an onset of symptoms before the age of 18 years: symptomatic adults could only receive a retrospective diagnosis, based on establishing this early onset. The new position of separation anxiety disorder is based upon the findings of epidemiological studies that revealed the unexpectedly high prevalence of the condition in adults, often in individuals with an onset of symptoms after the teenage years; its prominent place within the DSM-5 group of anxiety disorders should encourage further research into its epidemiology, etiology, and treatment. This review examines the clinical features and boundaries of the condition, and offers guidance on how it can be distinguished from other anxiety disorders and other mental disorders in which “separation anxiety” may be apparent.

  • 13 - Comorbid anxiety and depression and the role of trauma in children and adolescents with eating disorders

  • from Part III - Abnormal states
  • Edited by Tony Jaffa
  • Brett McDermott, University of Queensland
  • Book:
    Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents
    Published online:
    02 December 2009
    Print publication:
    14 December 2006, pp 158-168

  • Summary

    Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is probably the most common anxiety disorder presenting during childhood and may increase the risk of subsequent anxiety and mood disorders. Recent reviews conclude that childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a significant, albeit nonspecific, risk factor for the development of eating disorders (EDs), particularly those with bulimic features that present in association with psychiatric comorbidity. Since traumatic experiences and subsequent post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with an array of psychiatric disorders similar to those found in association with bulimic EDs, and bulimic EDs are linked with trauma and PTSD, then it is reasonable that trauma and PTSD may mediate the association between psychiatric comorbidity and bulimic EDs. This chapter examines our present knowledge regarding the most common comorbid psychiatric conditions seen in association with eating disorders in children and adolescents.