Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
  1. Home
  2. Search

Refine search

Refine search

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Apply   From and To filters
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Publishers: Show more
Societies Show more
Series: Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

4 results

  • Adverse Clinical Effects of Botulinum Toxin Intramuscular Injections for Spasticity

  • Chetan P. Phadke, Chitra K. Balasubramanian, Alanna Holz, Caitlin Davidson, Farooq Ismail, Chris Boulias
  • Journal:
    Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 43 / Issue 2 / March 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    24 November 2015, pp. 298-310
    • Article
      • You have access
    • PDF
    • HTML
    • Export citation

  • Objective: The adverse events (AEs) with botulinum toxin type-A (BoNTA), used for indications other than spasticity, are widely reported in the literature. However, the site, dose, and frequency of injections are different for spasticity when compared to the treatment for other conditions and hence the AEs may be different as well. The objective of this study was to summarize the AEs reported in Canada and systematically review the AEs with intramuscular botulinum toxin injections to treat focal spasticity. Methods: Data were gathered from Health Canada (2009-2013) and major electronic databases. Results: In a 4 year period, 285 AEs were reported. OnabotulinumtoxinA (n=272 events): 68% females, 53% serious, 18% hospitalization, and 8% fatalities. The type of AEs reported were – muscle weakness (19%), oropharyngeal (14%), respiratory (14%), eye related (8%), bowel/bladder related (8%), and infection (5%). IncobotulinumtoxinA (n=13): 38% females, 62% serious, and 54% hospitalization. The type of AEs reported were – muscle weakness (15%), oropharyngeal (15%), respiratory (38%), eye related (23%), bowel/bladder related (15%), and infection (15%). Commonly reported AEs in the literature were muscle weakness, pain, oropharyngeal, bowel/bladder, blood circulation, neurological, gait, and respiratory problems. Conclusion: While BoNTA is useful in managing spasticity, future studies need to investigate the factors that can minimize AEs. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the AEs can also improve guidelines for BoNTA administration and enhance outcomes.

  • Case 20 - Man with fluctuating confusion

  • Edited by Serge Gauthier, McGill University, Montréal, Pedro Rosa-Neto, McGill University, Montréal
  • Book:
    Case Studies in Dementia
    Published online:
    16 May 2011
    Print publication:
    21 April 2011, pp 148-154

  • Summary

    This chapter talks about a 73-year-old right-handed woman who presented at initial consultation with 6 to 8 months history of progressive weakness in her arms bilaterally. Nerve conduction and EMG studies were obtained and showed evidence of denervation changes consistent of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cervical spine MRI showed no abnormal signal in the cord. Brain MRI showed extensive frontotemporal atrophy, bilateral hippocampal atrophy, and periventricular deep white matter T2 hyperintense changes. The diagnostic impression was fronto-temporal dementia with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FTD-ALS). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease involving both upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron characterized by progressive muscle weakness, muscle wasting, and spasticity. ALS has been traditionally considered to be a disorder affecting only motor systems; however, recent developments show that ALS is a multi-system disorder in which motor system deficits are the most prominent manifestations, but non-motor manifestations can also be observed.

  • 18 - Arm and hand weakness

  • from Section B1 - Sensory and motor dysfunctions
  • Edited by Michael Selzer, University of Pennsylvania, Stephanie Clarke, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland, Leonardo Cohen, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, Pamela Duncan, University of Florida, Fred Gage, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego
  • Book:
    Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation
    Published online:
    04 August 2010
    Print publication:
    16 February 2006, pp 265-282

  • Summary

    This chapter identifies and describes weakness of the upper extremity (UE) through exploration of impairment in movements following cerebral injury. Weakness can result from inadequate strength caused by limitations in force production. Weakness is recognized as a major impairment causing disability and thus a primary obstacle to stroke recovery. Prognosis of UE motor recovery after upper motor neuron (UMN) lesions remains difficult and uncertain. In light of reduced health care reimbursement, development of accurate prognostic indicators is essential for the delivery of cost-efficient rehabilitation services and to guide clinicians in appropriate allocation of patients' resources. Future clinical outcome research studies should evaluate the degree to which the UE treatment intervention that affects weakness also affects functional outcomes as well as family functioning and quality of life. This constellation of data will inevitably lend greater insight into the role and value of UE strengthening in neurorehabilitation.

  • 9 - Repetitive Strain Injury

  • Edited by Peter Manu, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York
  • Book:
    Functional Somatic Syndromes
    Published online:
    08 January 2010
    Print publication:
    10 December 1998, pp 175-201

  • Summary

    Repetitive strain injury (RSI) consists in a soft tissue disorder, manifest by pain, tenderness and muscle weakness. There are no standard diagnostic tests that are consistently abnormal in this condition. The prevalence of RSI is related to the decade in which this is reported, country, type of occupation, season and age of the sufferer. Objective measure of pathological dysfunction in patients with RSI has been carried out in only a few centers. Virtually all of the well-controlled studies that have been carried out on RSI patients demonstrate that there is a higher reported frequency of depression and anxiety. The three main hypotheses to explain RSI concern the medical, psychological and sociological models of illness. The aims of clinical evaluation of patients with suspected RSI are to determine the diagnosis as far as possible and to decide on how far the disorder identified is related to work.