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2 results

  • 4 - The Fourth Generation of Informational Warfare

  • Iulian Chifu, National Defence University, Bucharest, Greg Simons, Uppsala Universitet, Sweden
  • Book:
    Rethinking Warfare in the 21st Century
    Published online:
    29 June 2023
    Print publication:
    13 July 2023, pp 79-112

  • Summary

    There are different generations of information warfare that evolve with technological, (geo)political and economic changes occuring in society. They are a ’convenient’ means of covert and indirect engagement with another actor in international relations while exposing oneself to the minimum of risk and accountability. It is linked to the popularized international relations concept of hybrid warfare.

  • Liar's war: Protecting civilians from disinformation during armed conflict

  • Eian Katz
  • Journal:
    International Review of the Red Cross / Volume 102 / Issue 914 / August 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 October 2021, pp. 659-682

  • Disinformation in armed conflict may pose several distinctive forms of harm to civilians: exposure to retaliatory violence, distortion of information vital to securing human needs, and severe mental suffering. The gravity of these harms, along with the modern nature of wartime disinformation, is out of keeping with the traditional classification of disinformation in international humanitarian law (IHL) as a permissible ruse of war. A patchwork set of protections drawn from IHL, international human rights law and international criminal law may be used to limit disinformation operations during armed conflict, but numerous gaps and ambiguities undermine the force of this legal framework, calling for further scholarly attention and clarification.