An undocumented individual is a person who entered the United States without inspection or someone who has overstayed their visa (Passel, ). Undocumented individuals and their families face many challenges acclimating to and settling in the United States, including the risk of deportation and not being able to work lawfully.Undocumented youth face additional barriers as they navigate educational settings and enter adulthood. Institutions of higher education must understand the distinct experiences and needs of the undocumented student population toward realizing students’ success in their pursuit and completion of higher education. This chapter explores how postsecondary institutions and personnel can better support undocumented students. We begin by reviewing key federal, state, and local policies impacting undocumented students. Next, we evaluate and synthesize literature on the pre-college, college, and post-college experiences of these students. We subsequently use an ecological framework to summarize good practices at the macro, exo, micro, and individual levels of systems toward undocumented student success. We illustrate specific examples of good practices.

This last, consolidating chapter has four goals. The first is consolidation: we specify appropriate case selection strategies for research using QCA and summarize an integrated protocol for analyzing set relations in an iterative manner, which bases inferences on cross-case patterns, knowledge of individual cases, and external knowledge. This protocol follows three main steps both for necessary and for sufficient conditions: determining empirical consistency, empirical importance, and substantive importance. The second goal is to broaden the perspective: we discuss the diverse variants, uses, and analytic goals of QCA in different research designs. We argue that for deriving valid inferences with QCA, it is important to coherently choose tools in line with analytic approaches. Third, we summarize and update good practices for conducting QCA and presenting and visualizing its results. Lastly, we map exciting developments that are likely to shape the field in the foreseeable future, including a summary of prominent software functionality.

Learning goals:

- Consolidated knowledge of the analytic protocol of QCA.

- Overview of different uses of QCA, their analytic goals and corresponding tools.

- Overview of recommendations for good practice and transparency before, during, and after the analytic moment.

- Outlook of possible developments in the field.

This chapter offers a snapshot of the main issues related to the integration process of Syrian refugees in Europe, as well as of the good practices and policies so far implemented, providing the reader with both statistical data and concrete examples. The examples are testimonies collected by the European Foundation for Democracy (EFD), a policy institute based in Brussels which, in 2017, undertook a qualitative research project looking into how different European countries with high numbers of refugees are managing the integration process. The countries researched were Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. Looking at existing policies, legislation, and practices, the research took a holistic approach, specifically listening to refugees themselves, as well as government officials, selected civil society organisations, integration experts, academics and practitioners, and front-line professionals engaging with refugees. A total of 245 interviews, 131 of which were with refugees, took place to provide analysis into the 2015 refugee crisis and its evolution. This represents a considerable added value compared to the majority of the previous studies on this topic, mostly based on secondary sources.