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2 results

  • Chapter 18 - Movement Disorders

  • from Section III - Care of the Elderly by Organ System
  • Edited by Jan Busby-Whitehead, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Samuel C. Durso, The Johns Hopkins University, Maryland, Christine Arenson, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Rebecca Elon, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Mary H. Palmer, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, William Reichel
  • Book:
    Reichel's Care of the Elderly
    Published online:
    30 June 2022
    Print publication:
    21 July 2022, pp 218-234

  • Summary

    This chapter provides an overview of the three most common disorders likely to be encountered by geriatric providers. Together, tremors, parkinsonism, and gait disorders are common enough that nearly one in three patients in a geriatrics clinic may be affected by at least one of these disorders. Each section begins with definitions of each of the conditions, clinical phenomenology, and features, followed by practical treatment approaches and algorithms. In addition, when there is overlap between conditions (i.e., atypical parkinsonism), hallmarks and red flags of each condition will be highlighted to help to compare and contrast.

  • 19 - Gait disorders and rehabilitation

  • from Section B1 - Sensory and motor dysfunctions
  • Edited by Michael Selzer, University of Pennsylvania, Stephanie Clarke, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland, Leonardo Cohen, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, Pamela Duncan, University of Florida, Fred Gage, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego
  • Book:
    Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation
    Published online:
    04 August 2010
    Print publication:
    16 February 2006, pp 283-297

  • Summary

    This chapter focuses on the role of neuronal mechanisms underlying gait disorders and the therapeutic consequences. Locomotion is a subconciously performed everyday movement with a high reproducibility. Leg muscle activation during locomotion is produced by spinal neuronal circuits within the spinal cord, the spinal pattern generator. Pathophysiologically, an impaired neuronal control of gait associated with rigid and poorly modulated motor performance represents a major deficit of Parkinson's disease. In patients with Parkinson's disease several studies on gait indicate an impaired programming. Spasticity produces numerous physical signs such as exaggerated reflexes, clonus, and muscle hypertonia. A considerable degree of locomotor recovery in mammals with a spinal cord injury (SCI) can be attributed to a reorganization of spared neural pathways. For future application in the rehabilitation field, gait analysis may help to select the most effective pharmacological and physiotherapeutical approaches.