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4 results

  • The impact of early and late childcare experience on cognitive functions

  • A.Z. Békefi, J. Kárpáti, J. Futó
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 September 2022, p. S614
    • Article
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  • Introduction

    Previous studies have found long lasting cognitive delays among children with early childcare experience, especially institutionalised experience. However, little is known about institutions’ effect in late childhood.

    Objectives

    Our goal is to identify the characteristics of cognitive functions in connection to attachment related anxiety among adopted children and children living in institutional care.

    Methods

    The participants’ (N=68, Mage=14.20, 29 boys and 39 girls) cognitive functions were measured with the following tests: Rey15 Memory Task, Knock And Tap Task, Simon Says Test, Verbal Fluency Task, D-KEFS 20 Questions Test. Participants completed two questionnaires: the Family Affluence Scale and the Experiences In Close Relationships Revised Scale. The results from the adopted children (N=19) and children living in institutional care (N=18) were compared to the matched control group: children living with their biological parents (N=31).

    Results

    Children living in institutional care did not differ significantly from their (SES-based) matched controls. Children adopted after the age of 2 years (N=7, M =56,57month) and the low SES control group (N=14) differed from the high SES control group on tests of attention (Verbal Fluency Task, Mhigh.c.=212.50, Mad.aft.2=193.50, U=59.50, z=-2.62, p=0.009) and verbal memory (Rey15, Mhigh.c.=17.94, Mad.aft.2=9.18, U=35.00, z=-2.79, p=0.005). Children adopted before the age of 2 years differed from the high SES control as well, in inhibition (Simon Says Test, Mhigh.c.=12.26, Mad.bef.2=18.88, U=55.55, z=-2.23, p=0.026).

    Conclusions

    Our findings suggest that only in the early years is child protection experience associated with long-lasting cognitive delays and attachment related anxiety.

    Disclosure

    No significant relationships.

  • 5 - An Interdependence Analysis of Enhancing Attachment Security

  • from Part II - Interdependence, Security, and Risk
  • Edited by Laura V. Machia, Syracuse University, New York, Christopher R. Agnew, Purdue University, Indiana, Ximena B. Arriaga, Purdue University, Indiana
  • Book:
    Interdependence, Interaction, and Close Relationships
    Published online:
    19 June 2020
    Print publication:
    18 June 2020, pp 95-119

  • Summary

    Romantic relationships affect the levels of security that people generally experience with close others. Experiences with a partner carry immediate outcomes (e.g., feeling appreciated vs. ignored), but they also can have longer lasting effects when they cause people to reflect on their overall worthiness and comfort with closeness/trust toward others. Our chapter examines how such experiences shape the mental representations that underlie chronic tendencies with attachment security, and how these representations may change with new experiences in romantic involvements. We examine change through the lens of the Attachment Security Enhancement Model, which suggests that enhancing security in relationships involves both mitigating momentary insecurity and fostering more secure mental representations over the longer term. Whether partners are effective at enhancing security may depend on the strategies they enact, and optimal strategies depend on whether a person is experiencing momentary anxiety versus avoidance. Over time, partner strategies in new situations – especially those that depart from past insecure experiences (e.g., painful interactions in close relationships) – can lead to revisions of insecure mental representations (e.g., beliefs about the self, expectations of close others). Together, using strategies to manage insecure moments and create opportunities to revise insecure mental representations may enhance security across time.

  • Individuals’ Self-Defining Memories As Reflecting Their Strength and Weaknesses

  • Limor Goldner, Miri Scharf
  • Journal:
    Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools / Volume 27 / Issue 2 / December 2017
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    21 March 2017, pp. 153-167
    Print publication:
    December 2017

  • The associations between attachment orientations, temperament, resilience, and various dimensions of self-defining memories were examined in 83 female Israeli adolescents and young adults. Resiliency and positive temperament were associated with positive qualities of memories, whereas negative emotionality and reactivity were associated with poor recollection quality. Lower levels of fearful attachment orientation were associated with interpersonal memories and mixed emotions in memories, and a profound-distrust attachment orientation was associated with life-threatening memories. The study highlights the contribution of these qualities to recollections and underscores the contribution to theory and practical implications.

  • Genetic and environmental influences on a measure of infant attachment security

  • Deborah Finkel, Adam P Matheny, Jr
  • Journal:
    Twin Research / Volume 3 / Issue 4 / 01 August 2000
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    21 February 2012, pp. 242-250
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  • A twin study of infant attachment security at age 24 months was conducted on archival data for a sample of 99 MZ pairs and 108 DZ pairs from the Louisville Twin Study. MZ concordance for attachment was 62.6%, which was significantly greater than the DZ concordance of 44.4%. Concordances were transformed into polychoric correlations, and LISREL was used to conduct a quantitative genetic analysis of the data. Results indicated that 25% of the variability in attachment was attributable to genetic factors, and the remaining 75% was attributable to non-shared environmental effects. No evidence was found for a contribution from shared environmental influences to attachment security. Possible concerns about the validity of twin methodology are addressed and various interpretations of the results are presented. Twin Research (2000) 3, 242–250.