Echo sounder data were used to investigate the spatio-temporal variability of shoal behaviour in the Bay of Biscay. Data collected from annual surveys were processed using MOVIES-B software in order to mcasure this variability. The software was designed to measure morphological, energetic and space-time distribution descriptors from the acoustic signal received from fish shoals. Two surveys, DAAG 90 and DAAG 91, provided the appropriate characteristics for such an analysis. The survey's objective was to obtain relative abundance indices for the anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) biomass in the Bay of Biscay. The surveys were carried out in the same area (southern Bay of Biscay), at the same period (April) within one year interval (1990 and 1991), using the same equipment (vessel, acoustic system, fishing gear) in a multispecies environment. Frequency distributions for every descriptor were obtained and used to describe the acoustic detection of fish shoals. The analysis of frequency distributions of space-time descriptors (year, day-hour and bottom depth) allowed the construction of derived discrete variables, which defined new subsets of detections. The subsets were then described by the continuous variables. A principal components analysis was used to describe the multidimensional data structure and to describe behaviour patterns. The size and external outline unevenness are correlated groups of shoal descriptors, but are independent of the water column shoal position and the degree of internal shoal structure. An important feature is shoal size variability between years. Significant differences in shoal characteristics were found between bathymetric zones of the same region and the pattern was similar between years. This spatial wariability is related to the distribution of different species between bathymetric zones. Although it was not possible to explain size variability between years, this will be necessary to improve shoal characterization. More knowledge about oceanographic conditions, the productivity level and availability of food, predator pressure and accurate identification of shoal speeies is required, in order to study the spatial or temporal variability in size and behaviour of shoals.

Software, MOVIES-B, developed by IFREMER (Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitationde la mer), enables the recognition of echogram features as acoustic detection structures according to spatial-energetic contiguity criteria. These structures (shoals, plankton layers) are described by energetic, morphological, spatial and temporal descriptors. Specifying acoustic detections as individual shoals will allow shoal by shoal echo-integration and may lead to better biomass estimation and shoal species description. The conceptual and operational framework of MOVIES-B is presented in the first part of this paper. The second part presents preliminary work performed in order to assess the feasibility of classification and possible species identification of shoals using MOVIES-B software. This research has studied the data set obtained from four fisheries acoustic surveys, in the Bay of Biscay. The data set is a matrix of 29 descriptors from 13,122 shoals. A limited knowledge of species composition was obtained from trawling. Eight species were captured: Sardina pilchardus, Clupea harengus, Sprattus sprattus, Engraulis encrasicolus, Micromesistius poutassou, Trachurus sp., Scomber sp. and Capros aper. Cluster analysis and linear discriminant analysis were performed on trawled identified shoals data (808 shoals), after a reduction of the space descriptors by a stepwise technique. A partition into 6 clusters was carried out and clusters are described by species composition and continuous variables values. After grouping the six species shoals in two groups, 84% of shoals from the testing data set could be correctly classified using the linear discriminant function.