H3PW12O40/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/polycaprolactam (PA6) nanofibrous membrane with a sandwich structure was prepared by electrospinning. Characterization with Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that H3PW12O40 has been successfully loaded into the upper and bottom layers of the sandwich membrane and its Keggin structure was not destroyed. The photocatalytic efficiency of the sandwich membranes were much higher (≥87.2%) than that of H3PW12O40 only (15.6%) and H3PW12O40/PMMA composite nanofibrous membrane (11.6%) in the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under ultraviolet irradiation. It may be caused by two factors: one was the photoreduction mechanism induced by the electron donating from PA6 to H3PW12O40, the other was the double contact area between H3PW12O40 and MO due to the sandwich structure of the laminated membrane. What is noteworthy is that the sandwich membranes were stable in water, so that they could be easily separated from the aqueous MO solution and reused without appreciable losses in photocatalytic activity after three photocatalytic cycles. In view of this, H3PW12O40/PMMA/PA6 sandwich nanofibrous membrane is promising as a photocatalyst to remove organic pollutants from practical wastewater.

An attempt to reduce the effect of major toxic components namely phosphine ligands and unsaturated solvents as being used in conventional nanocrystal synthesis, has been made with a new binary ligand, and a reusable solvent N-octadecane for a smokeless and clean synthesis procedure. The optimized effects of the two ligands oleic acid and octadecyl amine on the nucleation rate and growth of CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) are reported and substantiated by AFM analysis. Oleic acid accelerates particle ripening and nuclei growth, but inhibits nucleation whereas octadecyl amine catalyses nucleation and very gradually improves growth to obtain small stable NCs. Another important feature of the present study is the replacement of 1-octadecene by a competitive N-octadecane as a solvent in such ligand mediated nanocrystal synthesis. The GCMS analysis reports a recovery of 95% of solvent after reuse, thus opening a scope for environmental friendly processes.

A selection method to support adaptive reuse of parametric finite element analysis (FEA) models is introduced in this paper. Adaptive reuse of engineering artifacts such as FEA models is common in product design, but difficult to automate because of the need to integrate new information. The proposed method factors reusability into selection by evaluating models based on comparative estimates of effort involved in adapting them for reuse to model a query problem. The method is developed for FEA models of component-based designs. FEA modeling of electronic chip packages is used to illustrate the method's usefulness. We conclude with a discussion on the method's advantages and limitations and highlight important issues for further research.

The C++// language (pronounced C++parallel) was designed and implemented with the aim of importingreusability into parallel and concurrentprogramming, in the framework of a mimd model.From a reduced set of rather simple primitives,comprehensive and versatile libraries are defined.In the absence of any syntactical extension,the C++// user writes standard C++ code.The libraries are themselvesextensible by the final users, making C++// an open system. Two specific techniques to improve performances ofa distributed object language such as C++// arethen presented: Shared-on-Read and Overlapping of Communicationand Computation.The appliance of those techniques is guided by the programmer ata very high-level of abstraction, so the additional work to yieldthose good performance improvements is kept to the minimum.