There has been concern regarding the consumption of fruit juices because of the high levels of naturally occurring sugars they contain, which could rapidly elevate glycaemic response and increase the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. We conducted two trials in which each volunteer ingested (1) white bread with 200 ml of two types of orange juice (OJ) prepared from ‘Moro’ and ‘Pera’ varieties (MOJ and POJ) – the former containing anthocyanins – and the same juices alone; and (2) 200 ml of POJ or MOJ followed by a sandwich made with white bread, plus light cheese or butter, and also the same juices alone. Capillary blood was collected over 120 min, and glucose and insulin levels were analysed. In the cross-over clinical design with healthy volunteers, we observed that both OJ does not increase blood glucose and insulin, even when co-consumed with other typical breakfast foods in Brazil. In conclusion, OJ does not elevate postprandial glycaemic responses to the meal while providing additional sugars and nutrients.

Dyslipidaemia is a metabolic anomaly which has been related to numerous morbidities. Orange juice (OJ) is a popular flavonoid-rich drink consumed worldwide. Due to the existing controversies regarding its impact on blood lipids, we decided to investigate the impact of OJ supplementation on lipid profile parameters. Major scientific databases (Cochrane library, Scopus, PubMed and Embase) were searched. Pooled effects sizes were reported as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Out of 6334 articles retrieved by the initial search, 9 articles met our inclusion criteria. Overall, supplementation with OJ did not exert any significant effects on blood levels of TG (WMD −1·53 mg/dl, 95 % CI −6·39, 3·32, P = 0·536), TC (WMD −5·91 mg/dl, 95 % CI −13·26, 1·43, P = 0·114) or HDL-C (WMD 0·61 mg/ dl, 95 % CI −0·61, 1·82, P = 0·333). OJ consumption did reduce LDL-C levels significantly (WMD −8·35 mg/dl, 95 % CI −15·43, −1·26, P = 0·021). Overall, we showed that the consumption of OJ may not be beneficial in improving serum levels of TG, TC or HDL-C. Contrarily, we showed that daily intake of OJ, especially more than 500 ml/d, might be effective in reducing LDL-C levels. In the light of the existing inconsistencies, we propose that further high-quality interventions be conducted in order to make a solid conclusion.

The Florida orange juice industry has experienced great challenges—declining orange juice consumption and a domestic supply shortage that has led to increasing imports over the past decade. As growers look for a foothold, the question remains whether it is better to continue promoting orange juice (OJ) sales by focusing on the Florida “brand” or whether orange juice, in general, should be promoted using a federal marketing program. This study aims to identify the value of promoting “Florida” on OJ products to help the industry understand the potential benefits of enhancing the image of “Florida” in consumers’ perceptions of OJ.

Dietary fibre modulates gastrointestinal (GI) health and function, providing laxation, shifting microbiota, and altering bile acid (BA) metabolism. Fruit juice production removes the polyphenol- and fibre-rich pomace fraction. The effects of orange and apple pomaces on GI outcomes were investigated in healthy, free-living adults. Healthy adults were enrolled in two double-blinded, crossover trials, being randomised by baseline bowel movement (BM) frequency. In the first trial, subjects (n 91) received orange juice (OJ, 0 g fibre/d) or OJ + orange pomace (OJ + P, 10 g fibre/d) for 4 weeks, separated by a 3-week washout. Similarly, in the second trial, subjects (n 90) received apple juice (AJ, 0 g fibre/d) or AJ + apple pomace (AJ + P, 10 g fibre/d). Bowel habit diaries, GI tolerance surveys and 3-d diet records were collected throughout. Fresh faecal samples were collected from a participant subset for microbiota and BA analyses in each study. Neither pomace interventions influenced BM frequency. At Week 4, OJ + P tended to increase (P = 0·066) GI symptom occurrence compared with OJ, while AJ + P tended (P = 0·089) to increase flatulence compared with AJ. Faecalibacterium (P = 0·038) and Negativibacillus (P = 0·043) were differentially abundant between pre- and post-interventions in the apple trial but were no longer significant after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Baseline fibre intake was independently associated with several microbial genera in both trials. Orange or apple pomace supplementation was insufficient to elicit changes in bowel habits, microbiota diversity or BA of free-living adults with healthy baseline BM. Future studies should consider baseline BM frequency and habitual fibre intake.

In this study, we examine the impacts of retail promotions and flu/cold incidences on the demand for orange juice using weekly Nielsen grocery orange juice sales statistics and the flu/cold incidences reported by Surveillance Data Inc. The cross-section time-series pooling technique proposed by Parks was used to estimate the demand parameters. Results show that flu/cold incidences increased the effectiveness of retail promotions on the demand for orange juice.

The benefits to Florida orange growers of generic orange juice advertising are assessed using additive, nonlinear, regional econometric models, measuring the impact of category and brand marketing efforts on category demand while controlling for pricing and various other factors. The study shows that generic marketing efforts increased orange juice category demand by 8.3 percent, resulting in increased orange prices and a benefit-to-cost ratio to Florida growers of 3.5 to 1. Branded promotional activity was found to primarily fuel brand switching and pantry-loading, with only modest impacts on overall category demand.

This study extends Batten's synthetic demand modeling approach to increase the flexibility of the uniform substitute specification of the Rotterdam demand system. Marginal propensities to consume (MPC) vary with budget shares and Slutsky coefficients are defined in terms of varying MPCs. An application of the model to orange-juice products shows that the pattern of income and price elasticities over time is much different than when MPCs are restricted to be constant.

The proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas would join the world's two largest processed orange producing regions: Brazil and the United States. Because the United States currently imposes a sizeable tariff on imported processed orange products, there is concern by U.S. orange growers over possible adverse effects resulting from tariff elimination. A model of the world processed orange market is developed as a spatial equilibrium model with implicit supply functions based on the dynamic behavior of orange production. The model is used to estimate the impact of U.S. tariff elimination on U.S. production, grower and processor prices, and imports. The results suggest a sizeable price impact on U.S. producers if the tariff is eliminated.

Introduction. Among the citrus species, C. sinensis has been the most studied given its importance in terms of production and its industrial application in juices. Some of orange juice's organoleptic and functional properties, which make it an attractive product for the consumer, are due to its carotenoid composition. Xanthophylls can be found in either their free form (as the carotenes are found) or in a more stable fatty acid esterified form in the case of mono- and polyhydroxylated xanthophylls. Detection of adulteration of orange juices is of concern to consumers, regulatory agencies and citrus processing industries, and the study of carotenoid ester composition has been proposed to evaluate fruit products' authenticity. In this study, we report on the native (carotenoid esters and free carotenoids) carotenoid profile of orange juices of eight different varieties. Materials and methods. Monovarietal fresh orange juices were obtained from squeezing mid-season oranges (Citrus sinensis varieties: Bionda, Brasiliana, Moro, Ovale, Sanguinello, Tarocco, Valence and Washington) cultivated and supplied by a local producer. After the extraction of the carotenoids from the samples, the analyses were carried out by HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS. Results and discussion. The results showed that, in the juices studied, the xanthophylls were mostly esterified (93% of the total carotenoid mean content). The different varieties investigated showed variations in their carotenoid contents. The total carotenoid contents ranged from 2.42 µg·g–1 in the Washington variety to 15.8 µg·g–1 in the Valencia variety. Among the monoesters, the Valencia variety showed the highest violaxanthin ester amounts (61%), the Brasiliana variety showed the highest β-cryptoxanthin ester content (86.9%) and the Tarocco variety had the highest luteoxanthin ester amount (75.7%). Moreover, in general, in the Brasiliana, Ovale, Sanguinello, Valencia and Washington varieties, the monoester contents were higher than the diesters, whereas in the Bionda, Moro and Tarocco varieties the opposite was determined. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that this analytical approach has been applied to characterising, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the whole carotenoid pattern (carotenoid esters and free carotenoids) in orange juices from the Bionda , Brasiliana, Moro, Ovale, Sanguinello, Tarocco, Valence and Washington varieties. This contribution could also be used to establish authenticity markers among orange varieties that could potentially be used to prevent adulteration.

The intake of fruits rich in vitamin C seems to increase the antioxidant defence of the organism. However, it is still not clear whether vitamin C alone is responsible for this effect. The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of the intake of a single portion of blood orange juice (BOJ, 300 ml, providing 150 mg vitamin C) on mononuclear blood cell (MNBC) DNA damage, compared with a drink supplemented with the same amount of vitamin C (C-drink) or sugars (S-drink). Seven young healthy subjects were randomised in a repeated-measures design in which they received each drink on different occasions, 2 weeks apart. Blood samples were collected at baseline, every hour for 8 h, and at 24 h after the intake of each drink. Vitamin C was analysed at each time point by HPLC, whereas H2O2-induced MNBC DNA damage was evaluated at 0, 3 and 24 h by means of the comet assay. Plasma vitamin C concentration increased similarly following BOJ or C-drink intake and was not affected by the S-drink. DNA damage significantly decreased 3 h after BOJ intake (about 18 %; P < 0·01) and remained constant at 24 h (about 16 %; P < 0·01). No effect of the C-drink and S-drink was observed. In conclusion, the intake of a single portion of BOJ provided an early protection of MNBC against oxidative DNA damage; however, the protective effect of BOJ was not explained by vitamin C alone, thus other phytochemicals could be involved.

Introduction. L’orange (Citrus aurantium sinensis) est une source de composés bioactifs : vitamines C et E, flavonoïdes (flavanes et flavanones glycosylés et polyméthoxylés). Pour valoriser les déchets des peaux d’orange, nous avons mesuré l’activité antiradicalaire du jus et des peaux sèches et fraîches de cinq variétés d’orangers de Tunisie afin d’évaluer leur concentration en composés antioxydants utilisables dans l’industrie. Matériel et méthodes. Le pouvoir antiradicalaire du jus et des extraits des peaux a été évalué en suivant, en fonction du temps, la disparition du radical stable DPPH• par spectrophotométrie d’absorption UV-visible à 515 nm. L’activité antiradicalaire mesurée a été exprimée en concentration efficace (CE50). La détermination du volume V50 de vitamine C d’une solution d’acide ascorbique de concentration connue et d’un volume V50 des extraits de jus et des peaux sèches et fraîches d’orange a permis d’estimer la concentration molaire et massique de vitamine C équivalente dans les extraits. Résultats. Les jus d’orange contiennent environ 400 mg·L–1 d’équivalent de vitamine C. Dans le cas de réactions très rapides avec le radical DPPH•, la totalité de l’activité antiradicalaire peut être attribuée à la vitamine C. Dans le cas de réactions plus lentes, en plus de la vitamine C, ce sont les polyphénols (citroflavonoïdes) qui contribuent à l’activité antioxydante totale. Les extraits méthanoliques des peaux fraîches (flavédo) contiennent plus de vitamine C que les extraits de peaux sèches. Conclusion. Les peaux d’oranges constituent d’immenses sources d’antioxydants qui peuvent trouver leur application dans différents domaines : agroalimentaire, cosmétique, pharmaceutique et autres.

Alkalizing beverages are highly effective in preventing the recurrence of calcium oxalate (Ox), uric acid and cystine lithiasis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of grapefruit-juice and apple-juice consumption on the excretion of urinary variables and the risk of crystallization in comparison with orange juice. All investigations were carried out on nine healthy female subjects without any history of stone formation and aged 26–35 years. Each juice was tested in a 5 d study. During the study, the subjects received a standardized diet. Fluid intake of 2·75 litres was composed of 2·25 litres neutral mineral water, 0·4 litre coffee and 0·1 litre milk. On the fourth and fifth day 0·5 litre mineral water was partly substituted by 0·5 or 1·0 litre juice under investigation respectively. The influence on urinary variables was evaluated in 24 h urine samples. In addition, the BONN risk index of CaOx, relative supersaturation (RS)CaOx crystallization was determined. Due to an increased pH value and an increased citric acid excretion after consumption of each juice, the RSCaOx decreased statistically significantly (P<0·05) for grapefruit juice, but not significantly for orange and apple juice. The BONN risk index yielded a distinct decrease in the crystallization risk. We showed that both grapefruit juice and apple juice reduce the risk of CaOx stone formation at a magnitude comparable with the effects obtained from orange juice.