By using a novel consensus approach, we have previously
managed to generate a fully synthetic phytase, consensus
phytase-1, that was 15–26 °C more thermostable
than the parent fungal phytases used in its design (Lehmann
et al., 2000). We now sought to use the backbone of consensus
phytase-1 and to modify its catalytic properties. This
was done by replacing a considerable part of the active
site (i.e., all the divergent residues) with the corresponding
residues of Aspergillus niger NRRL 3135 phytase,
which displays pronounced differences in specific activity,
substrate specificity, and pH-activity profile. For the
new protein termed consensus phytase-7, a major—although
not complete—shift in catalytic properties was observed,
demonstrating that rational transfer of favorable catalytic
properties from one phytase to another is possible by using
this approach. Although the exchange of the active site
was associated with a 7.6 °C decrease in unfolding temperature
(Tm) as measured by differential
scanning calorimetry, consensus phytase-7 still was >7
°C more thermostable than all wild-type ascomycete
phytases known to date. Thus, combination of the consensus
approach with the selection of a “preferred”
active site allows the design of a thermostabilized variant
of an enzyme family of interest that (most closely) matches
the most favorable catalytic properties found among its
family members.