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The myth that most students can't write begins with the very first college writing exams, then really emerges when headline news begin reporting standardized test results. Consequences include that test results define writing and writing failure, and we accept test-based claims and criteria. We make limited standards the same thing as excellent standards, and we think about writing in terms of control rather than practice. Closer to the truth is that early exam reports sometimes lied, errors are changing but not increasing, and tests and scoring criteria change. Standardized exam writing is limited, but most students write across a broad writing continuum when they are not writing standardized exams.
Adjustment difficulties following a stroke are common and associated with poorer outcomes. Current systematic reviews suggest insufficient evidence for the efficacy of psychological interventions for post-stroke anxiety and/or depression. However, a recent randomised controlled trial (Majumdar and Morris, 2019) of group-based acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) showed promise in reducing depression and increasing hopefulness and perceived health status in stroke survivors. The present case study describes the assessment, formulation, treatment and outcomes of post-stroke adjustment difficulties in a working-aged man using ACT delivered via telerehabilitation. At the end of treatment (six sessions over 2 months), the client no longer met clinical cut-off for psychological distress and depression. Furthermore, reported levels of psychological flexibility were comparable to non-clinical norms. These gains were maintained at 3- and 6-month follow-up. Outcomes from this case study support emerging evidence indicating that ACT may be an efficacious intervention for post-stroke adjustment difficulties, even when delivered via telerehabilitation. Further research investigating the mediating and moderating effects of different cognitive behavioural processes such as values and acceptance on psychological adjustment to stroke is recommended.
Key learning aims
(1) Current evidence on the efficacy of psychological interventions for stroke survivors is limited.
(2) This case study describes the assessment, treatment and outcomes of post-stroke adjustment difficulties in a working-aged man using an ACT approach.
(3) Following six sessions of ACT delivered via telerehabilitation, the client no longer met clinical cut-off for psychological distress and depression. Moreover, his levels of psychological flexibility were comparable to non-clinical norms.
(4) Further exploration of psychological processes that facilitate post-stroke adjustment difficulties is recommended.
This chapter discusses the philosophical and historical underpinnings of CBT. Attention is given to how CBT and REBT developed, and how these differ in terms of points of theory and intervention. Concepts such as ‘perfectionism’, ‘intolerance of uncertainty’, and ‘self-compassion’ are discussed regarding possible commonalities these approaches share with ideas posited by early theorists. Specific attention is given to Ellis’s ABC model of personality and how it is currently utilized within CBT. Recent developments within CBT such as ACT are included. Protocol-driven CBT and the possible implications for quality of CBT training (e.g., Improving Access to Psychological Treatments, UK training courses) are included.
The Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) was developed by Leonard Stein and Mary Ann. The objective is the treatment of serious Mental Disorders in an integral way and in the community.
Objectives
The Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) was developed by Leonard Stein and Mary Ann. The objective is the treatment of serious Mental Disorders in an integral way and in the community.
Methods
This is a retrospective study with a total of 69 patients whose main diagnosis is Schizophrenia undergoing CT follow-up in 2018-2019. The data obtained have been analyzed by the SPSS statistical program.
Results
Our sample is mainly composed of men (60.9%) with an average age of 48 years (+ - 11.56). The main diagnosis is schizophrenia (62.3%) and the most commonly used long-term injectable treatment is paliperidone palmitate with a dose range of 150mg. Of the total number of patients, 29% of the cases did not maintain active use of any toxic, and the most commonly used toxic is tobacco (49.3% of cases).
Conclusions
The inclusion of patients in a ACT program requires a diagnosis of severe Mental Disorder and poor therapeutic adherence. After analyzing our data, we observed that most of them also have active toxic consumption and high doses of psychotropic drugs.
Chronic pain is common, costly, and associated with significant disability and negative effects on well-being and mental health. The treatment is challenging, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) aims to help patients in engaging in a flexible and persistent pattern of values-directed behavior while in contact with continuing pain and discomfort.
Objectives
To provide an updated review on the efficacy of ACT for the management of chronic pain.
Methods
We conducted a systematic review based on the PubMed® and EBSCO databases up to April 2020.
Results
Fifteen trials were included. The results were in favour of ACT in pain acceptance, functioning and pain intensity with small to large effect sizes. Few studies evaluated quality of life, but half of those were favourable to ACT. We also focused our analysis on ACT online interventions, considering the current demands due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusions
The current systematic review points in favour of ACT for the management of chronic pain conditions, though the studies included suffered from methodological limitations, which may have led to overestimated effects. Methodologically robust trials are required to further understand the clinical efficacy of ACT for chronic pain and which patients most benefit from this intervention.
L’exposition à un stress professionnel augmente d’un facteur d’environ 2 le risque de survenue d’une dépression ou d’un trouble anxieux . Les tableaux cliniques rencontrés sont variés et décrits selon différentes dénominations : burn-out ou épuisement professionnel, trouble de l’adaptation, dépression d’origine professionnelle… À l’heure où les pouvoirs publics s’interrogent sur la possibilité de reconnaître le burn-out comme maladie professionnelle il importe pour notre discipline de mieux définir le cadre diagnostique de ces différentes entités. Se posent aussi les questions de la prévention des risques psychosociaux (RPS) et de l’utilisation d’instruments validés et adaptés aux différents contextes professionnels. Une démarche qualitative et quantitative d’évaluation semble la mieux adaptée pour bien cerner les risques inhérents à une profession. Enfin, l’accès aux soins pour ces patients semble insuffisant comme le note un récent rapport du conseil économique social et environnemental qui recommande la création d’unités spécialisées pour la prise en charge. La gestion du stress par les thérapies comportementales et cognitives (TCC) semble bien adaptée à différentes situations comme la prévention primaire et secondaire et la reprise du travail . Elle peut être aussi associée aux soins pour beaucoup de patients psychiatriques confrontés à des difficultés professionnelles. De nouveaux outils de self-help utilisant des supports numériques sont aujourd’hui proposés pour faciliter l’accès à ces soins . À côté des protocoles classiques de TCC de gestion du stress de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques semblent utiles comme la thérapie ACT qui prend en compte les valeurs et les attentes du sujet . Nous présenterons dans cette séance 3 travaux originaux d’équipes françaises : une échelle originale des RPS chez les médecins, hospitaliers, une étude de faisabilité d’un programme numérique et une approche de reprise du travail basée sur l’ACT.
Les arrêts maladie prolongés constituent un risque majeur de quitter le monde du travail et la dépression est la première cause de mise en invalidité en France. De nouvelles thérapies issues de la troisième vague des TCC comme la thérapie d’engagement et d’acceptation (ACT) pourraient être intéressantes pour favoriser la reprise du travail.
Objectifs
Déterminer les facteurs prédictifs de retour à l’emploi après un arrêt pour syndrome dépressif.
Matériel et méthodes
L’étude est descriptive, prospective et multicentrique. Le recrutement des médecins investigateurs a été réalisé par la diffusion d’un article dans une revue française destinée aux médecins du travail. Chaque investigateur recrute les patients lors de la visite de reprise pour syndrome dépressif. Des éléments socio-démographiques, professionnels, médicaux et psychologiques (en particulier en lien avec l’ACT) sont évalués lors de l’inclusion, puis à 3 mois de visu ou par téléphone.
Résultats
Vingt-neuf patients ont été initialement inclus dans l’étude mais 2 ont été perdus de vue à 3 mois et 27 ont donc été analysés. À 3 mois, 22 patients ont repris le travail. Ceux qui reprennent le travail présentent des scores plus faible d’anxiété (p = 0,036), de dépression (p = 0,016), d’évitement expérientiel (p = 0,0083) et d’importance de la valeur de la vie professionnelle (p = 0,032).
Conclusion
L’ACT, via son action sur la diminution de l’évitement expérientiel et la redéfinition des valeurs de vie pourrait permettre un retour plus rapide au travail après un arrêt pour syndrome dépressif.
Je suis psychiatre libéral à Besançon, je me forme aux TCC depuis 2003, j’ai rencontré en chemin en 2008 la 3e vague des TCC (thérapies cognitives et comportementales) et l’ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) qui fait partie du courant des psychothérapies contextuelles au sein de cette 3e vague des TCC. J’introduis le modèle de l’ACT depuis dans ma pratique avec tous mes patients. La perspective de la matrice ACT permet d’instaurer un échange thérapeutique fonctionnel avec le patient dès la première séance de thérapie. Ce qui peut nous empêcher d’avancer dans notre vie, ce sont des aspects douloureux de notre expérience intérieure avec lesquels nous allons beaucoup batailler. Cette lutte peut impacter des secteurs importants de notre vie, entraînant une détresse qui se rajoutant à la souffrance va rendre plus forte encore notre douleur intérieure et renforcer encore cette lutte, c’est le piège de l’évitement expérientiel qui se referme alors. Moins éviter a été le pari et la réussite des TCC 1re et 2e vague. Avancer plus et du coup moins éviter est le pari des thérapies de la 3e vague dont la thérapie ACT fait partie. L’ACT propose d’entraîner des habiletés complémentaires qui sont la pleine conscience et la reprise de contact avec les valeurs de vie. Cette reprise de contact avec les valeurs de vie, la thérapie ACT en fait une habileté fonctionnelle décisive. Avec le cas clinique de Sylvie, qui est une belle histoire thérapeutique qui se poursuit bien, j’ai voulu témoigner comment cette reprise de contact avec ses valeurs de vie a été un tournant dans sa thérapie. Le modèle fonctionnel intuitif de la matrice ACT que le thérapeute partage avec son patient est une nouvelle façon de faire de l’ACT qui a aidé et aide encore beaucoup Sylvie à avancer dans sa vie.
En France, en 2010, 5,5 % des 15–85 ans ont déclaré avoir tenté de se suicider au cours de leur vie . En outre 3,9 % des personnes interrogées ont déclaré avoir pensé au suicide au cours des 12 derniers mois. Pourtant les stratégies nationales de prévention mises en place dans plusieurs pays ont abouti à des résultats variables et rarement pérennes. Ceci souligne l’importance d’identifier des stratégies transnosographiques de prévention, tant pharmacothérapiques que psychothérapiques. À ce jour, seule la thérapie comportementale dialectique a démontré une efficacité dans la prise en charge du risque suicidaire chez les sujets souffrant de trouble de la personnalité borderline. Le développement des techniques psychothérapiques dans le champ de la suicidologie est donc nécessaire, puisqu’elles représentent un outil supplémentaire dans la prise en charge des patients à haut risque suicidaire. Dr Martin Desseilles synthétisera les principales données de la littérature afin de comprendre la place des interventions psychothérapiques dans la prévention du risque suicidaire. Ensuite, Dr Ducasse présentera plus spécifiquement la thérapie d’acceptation et d’engagement. Cette thérapie a en effet montré son efficacité dans la réduction des idées suicidaires et la modification de facteurs de vulnérabilité associés aux comportements suicidaires . Enfin, Dr Olié exposera les arguments en faveur de l’intérêt, dans la crise suicidaire, d’exercices basés sur la psychologie positive. Ces derniers visent à cultiver et amplifier les états émotionnels et cognitifs positifs, tels que développer l’optimisme, générer un sentiment de gratitude et rétablir un sens de vie .
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has substantial support in adult populations but less among adolescents. To date, very little research has evaluated whether it can be delivered in a highly accessible school context. This study examined a 6-hour, weekly ACT-informed school-based group intervention for adolescent girls, focusing on anxiety, depression and building psychological flexibility. Participants (N = 10) who completed the intervention experienced significantly lowered levels of anxiety and increased psychological flexibility, with postintervention scores for all variables trending in the expected directions. Findings provide preliminary support for the efficacy of the intervention and encourages further evaluation of ACT delivered in schools.
This single-arm, open-label study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioural group training based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on cognition in drug-naïve children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Thirty-six children with ADHD aged 8–13 were invited to participate in the 9-month ACT training programme, which consisted of 26 weekly sessions of group therapy lasting 90 min each. Their parents also received 12 sessions of ACT-based parent training, every 2 weeks. The outcome measure for the present study was the change in the cognitive performance assessed by a battery of computerised task. The cognitive outcome of children receiving ACT-group intervention was compared to that of an external untreated control group of children with ADHD. No significant improvements were observed in any of the cognitive measures. This preliminary study suggests that the 9-month ACT-group training programme might not have positive effects on cognitive difficulties usually occurring in ADHD. Future randomised controlled trials with larger sample sizes are required to shed more light on this issue.
Australian Uniform Evidence Law offers a practical, clear and student-friendly introduction to the law of evidence and its operation across Uniform Evidence Act jurisdictions. Using a logical structure, with the Evidence Act 1995 (Cth) as its point of reference, this text introduces basic concepts before leading into more detailed coverage of the Act. Curated cases and excerpts from the legislation, with clear summaries and explanations of the rules, help students understand the application of the Act. Practice problems at the end of each chapter provide students with the opportunity to test their knowledge of each topic. Additionally, a 'Putting it all together' chapter at the end of the text challenges students with complex problems. Guided solutions, a summary of the key points discussed, key terms and definitions, and guides to further reading are included for each chapter. Providing clear explanation and engaging examples, this highly readable text is an essential resource for students.
Fiona Hum, Monash University, Victoria,Bronwen Jackman, University of New England, Australia,Ottavio Quirico, University of New England, Australia,Gregor Urbas, Australian National University, Canberra,Kip Werren, University of New England, Australia
Fiona Hum, Monash University, Victoria,Bronwen Jackman, University of New England, Australia,Ottavio Quirico, University of New England, Australia,Gregor Urbas, Australian National University, Canberra,Kip Werren, University of New England, Australia
Fiona Hum, Monash University, Victoria,Bronwen Jackman, University of New England, Australia,Ottavio Quirico, University of New England, Australia,Gregor Urbas, Australian National University, Canberra,Kip Werren, University of New England, Australia
Fiona Hum, Monash University, Victoria,Bronwen Jackman, University of New England, Australia,Ottavio Quirico, University of New England, Australia,Gregor Urbas, Australian National University, Canberra,Kip Werren, University of New England, Australia
This study describes a successful community-based partnership project between statutory and third-sector services in East London; The City and Hackney Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) Access Service [East London NHS Foundation Trust (ELFT)] collaborated with Derman, a local community organization supporting the well-being of Turkish-speaking communities, to explore the cultural adaptability of an empirically supported, third-wave cognitive behavioural intervention, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The aim was to develop a culturally acceptable group that was responsive to the therapeutic needs of participants from Turkish-speaking communities. The study implemented a mixed-method analysis with a one group pre/post-test design to examine the effectiveness of a 7-session culturally adapted ACT group intervention and a descriptive approach was implemented to assess usefulness, relevance and acceptability. Results demonstrated an overall positive effect of the culturally adapted ACT intervention in terms of both symptoms and patient-reported outcomes. Participants showed significant improvements on measures of depression (p = 0.014), anxiety (p = 0.041) and psychological distress (p = 0.003). The magnitude of these changes was categorized as large, with effect sizes from 0.90 to 2.03. Qualitative responses indicated that the group was experienced as enjoyable and useful and was considered to be an accessible and acceptable therapeutic format. Although a pilot within clinical practice, the findings provide preliminary support for the clinical utility of ACT as an effective, culturally acceptable therapeutic approach for Turkish-speaking communities living in an urban UK setting. The study highlights the importance of culturally appropriate service development and a need for further research within this area.
Background: Mediation studies test the mechanisms by which interventions produce clinical outcomes. Consistent positive mediation results have previously been evidenced (Hayes et al., 2006) for the putative processes that compromise the psychological flexibility model of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Aims: The present review aimed to update and extend the ACT mediation evidence base by reviewing mediation studies published since the review of Hayes et al. (2006). Method: ACT mediation studies published between 2006 and 2015 were systematically collated, synthesized and quality assessed. Results: Twelve studies met inclusion criteria and findings were synthesized by (a) the putative processes under investigation, and (b) the outcomes on which processes were tested for mediation. Mediation results were found to be generally consistent with the psychological flexibility model of ACT. However, studies were limited in methodological quality and were overly focused on a small number of putative processes. Conclusions: Further research is required that addresses the identified methodological limitations and also examines currently under-researched putative processes.
Background: Although Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) may be effective for individuals with psychosis and a history of childhood trauma, little is known about predictors of treatment response among such patients. Aims: The current study examined: (1) whether severity of trauma predicted treatment response, and (2) profiles of patients with regard to their responses to treatment. Method: Fifty participants with psychosis and childhood trauma history were recruited and randomized to take part in either eight sessions of group-based ACT, or to be on a waiting list for the ACT group (i.e. treatment as usual group). The entire sample was used for the first part of the analyses (aim 1), whereas subsequent subsample analyses used only the treatment group (n = 30 for aim 2). Results: It was found that trauma severity did not moderate the effectiveness of ACT on symptom severity, participants’ ability to regulate their emotional reactions, or treatment compliance with regard to help-seeking. In addition, among those receiving ACT, the results revealed three distinct and clinically relevant change profiles. Avoidant attachment style and number of sessions attended were predictive of belonging to the different clusters or profiles. Patients in the profile representing the least amount of clinical change attended an average of two sessions less than those in the other change profiles. Conclusion: ACT offered in a group format appears to be a promising treatment for those with psychosis and history of trauma regardless of trauma severity. Given the brevity of the intervention, patients should be encouraged to attend each session to obtain maximum benefit.