Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T22:31:19.990Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hunting sustainability within two eastern Amazon Extractive Reserves

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2022

Milton José de Paula Open the ORCID record for Milton José de Paula [Opens in a new window] ,
Elildo AR Carvalho Jr Open the ORCID record for Elildo AR Carvalho Jr [Opens in a new window] ,
Cintia Karoline Manos Lopes ,
Reysane de Alencar Sousa ,
Emerson Luiz Pereira Maciel ,
Manoela Wariss ,
Rafael Sá Leitão Barboza ,
Francisco Chen de Araújo Braga ,
Daniely Félix-Silva  and
Carlos A Peres
...Show all authors
Milton José de Paula*
Affiliation:
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Rod. Ernesto Alcyioli, Km 3 – Estrada do Forte, Altamira, PA CEP 68377-630, Brazil RedeFauna – Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus, Brasília, Brazil
Elildo AR Carvalho Jr
Affiliation:
RedeFauna – Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus, Brasília, Brazil Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Estrada Municipal Hisaichi Takebayashi 8600, 12952-011, Atibaia, SP CEP 12952001, Brazil Faculty of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
Cintia Karoline Manos Lopes
Affiliation:
RedeFauna – Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus, Brasília, Brazil
Reysane de Alencar Sousa
Affiliation:
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí, Rua Álvaro Mendes 94, Teresina, PI CEP 64000040, Brazil
Emerson Luiz Pereira Maciel
Affiliation:
Independent researcher, Altamira, PA, Brazil
Manoela Wariss
Affiliation:
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Rua Gentil Bitencourt, Cametá, PA CEP 68400000, Brazil
Rafael Sá Leitão Barboza
Affiliation:
Programa de PosGraduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, Recife, PE CEP 52171900, Brazil
Francisco Chen de Araújo Braga
Affiliation:
Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Estrada Municipal Hisaichi Takebayashi 8600, 12952-011, Atibaia, SP CEP 12952001, Brazil
Daniely Félix-Silva
Affiliation:
RedeFauna – Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus, Brasília, Brazil
Carlos A Peres
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, NorwichNR4 7TJ, UK Instituto Juruá, Rua das Papoulas 96, Manaus, Brazil
Juarez CB Pezzuti
Affiliation:
RedeFauna – Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus, Brasília, Brazil Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém, PA CEP 66075110, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Dr Milton José de Paula, Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Subsistence hunting provides an important food source for rural populations in tropical forests but can lead to wildlife depletion. Management of wildlife resources depends on assessments of hunting sustainability. We assessed the sustainability of subsistence hunting in two Amazonian Extractive Reserves. We examined hunting data from a community-based monitoring programme conducted in 30 communities during 63 consecutive months to address temporal trends in hunting yields in terms of catch per unit of effort of all game species and the six most hunted species. We also assessed the prey profiles across different communities. Game species composition did not differ between monitored communities, and the most hunted species were Tayassu pecari, large cracids, Cuniculus paca, Mazama spp., Tapirus terrestris and Pecari tajacu. Catch per unit of effort was stable for all game species and each of the most hunted species, indicating that hunting was generally sustainable. These findings reflect the exceptionally low human population density and continuous forest cover of the study landscape, and long-term hunting sustainability and local protein acquisition will depend on maintaining these social and environmental settings. The results also show that large Sustainable Use Protected Areas can help foster sustainable game management and should thus be included in public policies.

Keywords

community-based researchgame faunaprotect areassubsistence hunting
Type
Research Paper
Information
Environmental Conservation , Volume 49 , Issue 2 , June 2022 , pp. 90 - 98
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Foundation for Environmental Conservation

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrahams, MI, Peres, CA, Costa, HCM (2017) Measuring local depletion of terrestrial game vertebrates by central-place hunters in rural Amazonia. PLoS ONE 12: e0186653 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Almeida, MWB (2012) As colocações: forma social, sistema tecnológico, unidade de recursos naturais. Mediações 17: 121–152.Google Scholar
Antunes, AP, Fewster, RM, Venticinque, EM, Peres, CA, Levi, T, Rohe, F, Shepard, GH (2016) Empty forest or empty rivers? A century of commercial hunting in Amazonia. Science Advances 2: e1600936.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antunes, AP, Rebêlo, GH, Pezzuti, JCB, de Mattos Vieira, MAR, de Araujo, P, Constantino, L et al. (2019) A conspiracy of silence: subsistence hunting rights in the Brazilian Amazon. Land Use Policy 84: 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balée, W, de Oliveira, VH, dos Santos, R, Amaral, M, Rocha, B, Guerrero, N et al. (2020) Ancient transformation, current conservation: traditional forest management on the Iriri River, Brazilian Amazonia. Human Ecology 48: 1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bodmer, RE, Eisenberg, JF, Redford, KH (1997) Hunting and the likelihood of extinction of Amazonian mammals. Conservation Biology 11: 460–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campos-Silva, JV, Peres, CA, Antunes, AP, Valsecchi, J, Pezzuti, J (2017) Community-based population recovery of overexploited Amazonian wildlife. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation 15: 266–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carvalho, EAR Jr (2019) Jaguar hunting in Amazonian Extractive Reserves: acceptance and prevalence. Environmental Conservation 46: 334–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caughley, G, Sinclair, AR (1994) Wildlife Ecology and Management. Cambridge, UK: Blackwell Science.Google Scholar
Constantino, P, Henrique Santiago Alberto Carlos, HSA, Ramalho, EE, Rostant, L, Marinelli, CE, Teles, D et al. (2012) Empowering local people through community-based resource monitoring: a comparison of Brazil and Namibia. Ecology and Society 17: 22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa-Pereira, R, Roque, F, Constantino, P, Sabino, J, Uehara-Prado, M (2013) Monitoramento in situ da biodiversidade. Brasília. Brazil: ICMBio.Google Scholar
Cowlishaw, G, Mendelson, S, Rowcliffe, JM (2005) Evidence for post-depletion sustainability in a mature bushmeat market. Journal of Applied Ecology 42: 460–468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doblas, J (2015) Rotas do saque: violações e ameaças à integridade territorial da Terra do Meio (PA). São Paulo, Brazil: ISA.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, JF, Redford, KH (1999) Mammals of the Neotropics. Volume 3. Chicago, IL, USA: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Endo, W, Peres, CA, Haugaasen, T (2016) Flood pulse dynamics affects exploitation of both aquatic and terrestrial prey by Amazonian floodplain settlements. Biological Conservation 201: 129–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fa, JE, Peres, CA, Meeuwig, J (2002) Bushmeat exploitation in tropical forests: an intercontinental comparison. Conservation Biology 16: 232–237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fonseca, RA, Pezzuti, JCB (2013) Dietary breadth of the animal protein consumed by riverine communities in the Tapajós National Forest, Brazil. Revista de Biologia Tropical 61: 263–272.Google ScholarPubMed
Gelman, A, Shirley, K (2011) Inference from simulations and monitoring convergence. In: Handbook of Markov Chain Monte Carlo, eds Brooks, S, Gelman, A, Jones, GL, Meng, XL (pp. 163–174). Boca Raton, FL, USA: Chapman & Hall/CRC Press.Google Scholar
Henderson, PA, Crampton, WGR (1997) A comparison of fish diversity and abundance between nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor lakes in the upper Amazon. Journal of Tropical Ecology 13: 175–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IBGE (2018) Grade estatística [www document]. URL www.mapasinterativos.ibge.gov.br Google Scholar
ICMBio/Monitora (2018) Monitora – Programa Nacional de Monitoramento da Biodiversidade Subprograma Terrestre Componente Florestal: Relatório Triênio 2014–2016. Brasília, Brazil: MMA.Google Scholar
INPE (2020) Programa Queimadas [www document]. URL www.inpe.br Google Scholar
ISA (2003) Projeto realização de estudos preliminares e formulação de uma proposta técnica para a implantação de um mosaico de unidades de conservação no Médio Xingu. São Paulo, Brazil: ISA.Google Scholar
ISA (2016) De olho na Terra do Meio: Boletin informativo sobre a evolução dos vetores de pressão sobre a Terra do Meio (PA). São Paulo, Brazil: ISA.Google Scholar
ISA (2019) Unidades de Conservação no Brasil [www document]. URL www.uc.socioambiental.org Google Scholar
Jerozolimski, A, Peres, CA (2003) Bringing home the biggest bacon: a cross-site analysis of the structure of hunter-kill profiles in Neotropical forests. Biological Conservation 111: 415–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kéry, M (2010) Introduction to WinBUGS for Ecologists: A Bayesian Approach to Regression, ANOVA, Mixed Models and Related Analyses. Amsterdan, The Netherlands: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Kümpel, NF, Milner-Gulland, EJ, Cowlishaw, G, Rowcliffe, JM (2009) Assessing sustainability at multiple scales in a rotational bushmeat hunting system. Conservation Biology 24: 861–871.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luzar, JB, Silvius, KM, Overman, H, Giery, ST, Read, JM, Fragoso, JMV (2011) Large-scale environmental monitoring by Indigenous peoples. BioScience 61: 771–781.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milner-Gulland, EJ, Akçakaya, HR (2001) Sustainability indices for exploited populations. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 16: 686–692.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milner-Gulland, EJ, Bennett, EL, the SCB 2002 Annual Meeting Wild Meat Group (2003) Wild meat: the bigger picture. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 18: 351–357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MMA/ICMBio (2010a) Plano de Manejo da Reserva Extrativista do Rio Iriri. Brasília, Brazil: MMA.Google Scholar
MMA/ICMBio (2010b) Plano de Manejo Participativo da Reserva Extrativista Riozinho do Anfrísio. Brasília, Brazil: MMA.Google Scholar
Muller-Landau, HC (2007) Predicting the long-term effects of hunting on plant species composition and diversity in tropical forests. Biotropica 39: 372–384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naranjo, EJ, Bodmer, RE (2007) Source–sink systems and conservation of hunted ungulates in the Lacandon Forest, Mexico. Biological Conservation 138: 412–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nasi, R, Taber, A, Van Vliet, N (2011) Empty forests, empty stomachs? Bushmeat and livelihoods in the Congo and Amazon basins. International Forestry Review 13: 355–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nepstad, D, Schwartzman, S, Bamberger, B, Santilli, M, Ray, D, Schlesinger, P et al. (2006) Inhibition of Amazon deforestation and fire by parks and Indigenous lands. Conservation Biology 20: 65–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Novaro, AJ, Redford, KH, Bodmer, RE (2000) Effect of hunting in source–sink systems in the Neotropics. Conservation Biology 14: 713–721.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nunes, AV, Peres, CA, Constantino, P, Santos, BA, Fischer, E (2019) Irreplaceable socioeconomic value of wild meat extraction to local food security in rural Amazonia. Biological Conservation 236: 171–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohl-Schacherer, J, Shepard, GH, Kaplan, H, Peres, CA, Levi, T, Yu, DW (2007) The sustainability of subsistence hunting by Matsigenka native communities in Manu National Park, Peru. Conservation Biology 21: 1174–1185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oksanen, J, Blanchet, FG, Friendly, M, Kindt, R, Legendre, P, McGlinn, D et al. (2018) vegan: the vegan package version 12.5-3 [www document]. URL https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vegan/index.html Google Scholar
Oliveira, MÁ, Calouro, AM (2019) Hunting agreements as a strategy for the conservation of species: the case of the Cazumbá–Iracema Extractive Reserve, State of Acre, Brazil. Oecologia Australis 23: 357–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peres, CA (1996) Population status of white-lipped Tayassu pecari and collared peccaries T. tajacu in hunted and unhunted Amazonian forests. Biological Conservation 77: 115–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peres, CA, Palacios, E (2007) Basin-wide effects of game harvest on vertebrate population densities in Amazonian forests: implications for animal-mediated seed dispersal. Biotropica 39: 304–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peres, CA, Zimmerman, B (2001) Perils in parks or parks in peril? Reconciling conservation in Amazonian reserves with and without use. Conservation Biology 15: 793–797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pezzuti, JCB (2008) Estudo de impacto ambiental do aproveitamento hidrelétrico (AHE) Belo Monte, Rio Xingu. Componente: Quelônios e Crocodilianos. Brasília, Brazil: Eletrobras.Google Scholar
Pezzuti, JCB, de Castro, F, McGrath, DG, Miorando, PS, Barboza, RSL, Carneiro Romagnoli, F. (2018) Commoning in dynamic environments: community-based management of turtle nesting sites on the lower Amazon floodplain. Ecology and Society 23: 36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plummer, M (2015) JAGS Version 4.0.0 user manual 0–41 [www document]. URL https://www.uvm.edu/∼bbeckage/Teaching/PBIO_294/Manuals/manual.jags.pdf Google Scholar
R Core Team (2019) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computin.Google Scholar
Ramos, RM, Pezzuti, JCB, Vieira, EM (2016) Age structure of the Vulnerable white-lipped peccary Tayassu pecari in areas under different levels of hunting pressure in the Amazon Forest. Oryx 50: 56–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Redford, KH (1992) The empty forest. BioScience 42: 412–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Redford, KH, Sanderson, SE (2000) Extracting humans from nature. Conservation Biology 14: 1362–1364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rezende, RS (2020) Agroextrativismo e pagamentos por serviços socioambientais: reflexões a partir das Reservas Extrativistas da Terra do Meio (PA). Anuário Antropológico 45: 172–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ripple, WJ, Abernethy, K, Betts, MG, Chapron, G, Dirzo, R, Galetti, M et al. (2016) Bushmeat hunting and extinction risk to the world’s mammals. Royal Society Open Science 3: 160498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, JG, Bodmer, RE (1999) Towards wildlife management in tropical forests. Journal of Wildlife Management 63: 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Royle, JA, Kéry, M (2007) A Bayesian state-space formulation of dynamic occupancy models. Ecology 88: 1813–1823.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salas, LA, Kim, JB (2002) Spatial factors and stochasticity in the evaluation of sustainable hunting of tapirs. Conservation Biology 16: 86–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salomão, RP, Vieira, ICG, Suemitsu, C, de Araújo Rosa, N, de Almeida, SS, do Amaral, DD, de Menezes, MPM (2007) As florestas de Belo Monte na grande curva do rio Xingu, Amazônia Oriental. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi 2: 57–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scabin, AB, Peres, CA (2021) Hunting pressure modulates the composition and size structure of terrestrial and arboreal vertebrates in Amazonian forests. Biodiversity and Conservation 30: 3613–3632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartzman, S, Boas, AV, Ono, KY, Fonseca, MG, Doblas, J, Zimmerman, B et al. (2013) The natural and social history of the Indigenous lands and protected areas corridor of the Xingu River basin. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 368: 20120164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwartzman, S, Moreira, A, Nepstad, D (2000) Rethinking tropical forest conservation: perils in parks. Conservation Biology 14: 1351–1357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaffer, CA, Milstein, MS, Yukuma, C, Marawanaru, E, Suse, P (2017) Sustainability and comanagement of subsistence hunting in an Indigenous reserve in Guyana. Conservation Biology 31: 1119–1131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shepard, GH, Levi, T, Neves, EG, Peres, CA, Yu, DW (2012) Hunting in ancient and modern Amazonia: rethinking sustainability. American Anthropologist 114: 652–667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sirén, A, Machoa, J (2008) Fish, wildlife, and human nutrition in tropical forests: a fat gap? Interciencia 33: 186–193 Google Scholar
Sobral, M, Silvius, KM, Overman, H, Oliveira, LFB, Rabb, TK, Fragoso, JMV (2017) Mammal diversity influences the carbon cycle through trophic interactions in the Amazon. Nature Ecology & Evolution 1: 1670–1676.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Su, YS, Yajima, M (2012) R2jags: a package for running JAGS from R. R package version 0.03-08 [www document]. URL https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/R2jags/index.html Google Scholar
Terborgh, J (2000) The fate of tropical forests: a matter of stewardship. Conservation Biology 14: 1358–1361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terborgh, J, Peres, CA (2017) Do community-managed forests work? A biodiversity perspective. Land 6: 22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, WR, Brandon, K, Brooks, TM, Costanza, R, da Fonseca, GAB, Portela, R (2007) Global conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. BioScience 57: 868–873.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valsecchi, J, El Bizri, HR, Figueira, JEC (2014) Subsistence hunting of Cuniculus paca in the middle of the Solimões River, Amazonas, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 74: 560–568.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vickers, WT (1988) Game depletion hypothesis of Amazonian adaptation: data from a native community. Science 239: 1521–1522.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vieira, MRM, Muhlen, EM, Shepard, GH (2015) Participatory monitoring and management of subsistence hunting in the Piagaçu–Purus Reserve, Brazil. Conservation and Society 13: 254–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Vliet, N, Nasi, R (2008) Why do models fail to assess properly the sustainability of duiker (Cephalophus spp.) hunting in Central Africa?. Oryx 42: 392–399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

de Paula et al. supplementary material

de Paula et al. supplementary material

Download de Paula et al. supplementary material(File)
File 59.6 KB