Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-17T14:26:40.305Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Reflections on an Orientalist: Alexander Kuhn (1840–88), the Man and his Legacy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2022

Olga Yastrebova  and
Arezou Azad
Olga Yastrebova
Affiliation:
National Library of Russia, Oriental Faculty of St. Petersburg State University
Arezou Azad
Affiliation:
University of Birmingham; University of Oxford, funded by the Leverhulme Trust (2011–15)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Alexander Ludvigovich Kuhn (1840–88) was a Russian Orientalist of German-Armenian descent. The most important period of his activity was his service in Central Asia where on behalf of the Turkestan Governorate-General he collected manuscripts, archives and other materials, joining the military campaigns to Kītāb of ShahriSabz, Iskanderkul, Kokand and Khiva. A large number of the manuscripts were sent back to St. Petersburg to the Imperial Public Library, but some never left Kun's possession until they were donated to the Asiatic Museum after his death. Kun was also in charge of the compilation of the famous “Turkistan Albums”—a major collection of photos testifying to the different nationalities and customs that made up the populations of Central Asia. Until now, Kun's biography has been little known to us. The article takes a look into the personal archive of Kun, and describes the man and his motivations and desires.

Type
Articles
Information
Iranian Studies , Volume 48 , Issue 5: Russian Orientalism to Soviet Iranology: The Persian-speaking World and its History through Russian Eyes , September 2015 , pp. 675 - 694
Copyright
Copyright © The International Society for Iranian Studies 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliography

Kuhn, A. L. [Iskandar Tūra/Tūryā]. “Koran Osmana.” TV 1 (1870): 2.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Vakufy.” TV 21 (1872).Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Ot Khivy do Gazavata.” TV 32 (1873): 125.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Zametki o Podatyakh v Khivinskom Khanstve.” TV 32 (1873): 125–127.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Bukharskie Poryadki: Zametki o Poryadke Vzimaniya Pozemel'nykh Podateĭ s deteĭ.” TV 32 (1873): 127.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Poryadok Vzimaniya Podateĭ v Khivinskov Khanstve.” TV 33 (1873): 130–131.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Zametki o Khivinskom Khanstve.” TV 40 (1873): 158.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Opisanie Pechateĭ Khivinskikh Khanov.” TV 40 (1873): 158.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Kul'turnyĭ Oazis Khivinskogo Khanstva.” TV 2–3, 6, 9, 12, 14 (1874).Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Poezdka po Khivinskomu Khanstvu v 1873g.” Izvestiya Imperatorskogo Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva 10, no. 2 (1874): 47–58.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Bericht über meine Reise durch das Chanat Chiwa während der Expedition im Jahre 1873.” Russische Revue: Monatsschrift für die Kunde Russlands 4 (1874): 58–74.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Koran Osmana‘” Materialy dlya Statistiki Turkestanskogo Kraya: Ezhegodnik 3 (1874): 401–404.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Dolina Fergany (Pis'mo v Redaktsiyu).” TV 40 (1875): 159.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Rasskaz Khakima (Pravitelya) Goroda Khanki, Amin-baya, o ego Posol'stve v Indiyu v 1870–71 Godakh.” TV 11 (1875): 41–44.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Ot Khivy do Kungrada.” Materialy dlya Statistiki Turkestanskogo Kraya: Ezhegodnik 4 (1876): 203–222.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Kul'tura Oazisa Nizov'ev Amu-Dar'i.” Materialy dlya Statistiki Turkestanskogo Kraya: Ezhegodnik 4 (1876): 223–259.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Das Gebiet Ferghana, das frühere Chanat Chokand.” Russische Revue: Monatsschrift für die Kunde Russlands 8 (1876): 329–364.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Das neue Grenzgebiet unserer mittelasiatischen Besitzungen, der Bezirk Namangan.” Russische Revue 8 (1876): 108–110.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Nekotorye Svedeniya o Ferganskoĭ Doline.” Voennyĭ sbornik 4 (1876).Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Ocherk Kokanskogo Khanstva.” Izvestiya Imperatorskogo Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva 12 (1876): 59–70.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “O shkol'nom obrazovanii u magometan Sredneĭ Azii.” TV 47 (1876): 186–197; 48 (1876): 191.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Ocherki Shagrisebzkogo Bekstva.” Zapiski Imperatorskogo Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva po Otdeleniyu Etnografii 6 (1880): 203–237.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Ocherki Kogistana.” TV 2 (1881): 7–8.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Svedeniya o Yagnauskom Narode (K Materialam dlya Issledovaniya Yagnobskogo Yazyka).” TV 3 (1881): 11–12; 4 (1881): 14–15.Google Scholar
Adrianov, B. V. “Arkhiv A. L. Kuna.” Sovetskaya Etnografiya 4 (1951): 149–155.Google Scholar
Annanepesov, M., and Bababekov, H. N.. “The Khanates of Khiva and Kokand and the Relations between the Khanates and with Other Powers.” In Development in Contrast – From the Sixteenth to the Mid-Nineteenth Century. Vol. 5 of History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Paris: UNESCO, 2003.Google Scholar
Babajanov, Bakhtiyar. “‘How will we appear in the eyes of inovertsy and inorodtsy?’ Nikolai Ostroumov on the Image and Function of Russian Power.” Central Asian Survey 33, no. 2 (2014): 270–288. doi: 10.1080/02634937.2014.916484CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barthold, V. Istoriya Kul'turnoĭ Zhizni Turkestana. Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1927.Google Scholar
Barthold, V. Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion. London: Luzac, 1968 [1928].Google Scholar
Barthold, V., and Subtelny, M.E. “Sārt,” EI 2.Google Scholar
Bregel, Yu. Dokumenty Archiva Khivinskikh Khanov po Istorii i Etnografii Karakolpakov. Moscow: Nauka, 1967.Google Scholar
Bregel, Yu. “Abd-al-Rahmān Samarqandī.” EIr 1/2: 147.Google Scholar
Brodovskiy, M. I., Ivanov, D. L., Krauze, I. I., Fedchenko, A. P., and Fedchenko, O. A., eds. Katalog Turkestanskogo Otdela Politekhnicheskoĭ vystavki. Moscow: University typograph [Katkov & Co], 1872.Google Scholar
Dikovitskaya, M. “Central Asia in Early Photographs: Russian Colonial Attitudes and Visual Culture.” In Empire, Islam, and Politics in Central Eurasia, 99–121. Slavic Eurasian Studies, 14. Slavic Research Center: Hokkaido University, 2007.Google Scholar
Fedchenko, A. P. “Kratkiĭ Otchiot o Puteshestvii v Basseĭn Verkhnego Zeravshana v Iyune 1870g.” Izvestiya Obschestva Lyubiteleĭ Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii 10, no. 1 (1872). (Reprint: A. P., Fedchenko, Puteshestviye v Turkestan, edited by Yusov, B. V.. Moscow: Geografgiz, 1950, 149–162.)Google Scholar
Fedchenko, A. P. “Zametki o Verkhnem Zaravshane.” Materialy dlya Statistiki Turkestanskogo Kraya: Ezhegodnik 2 (1873): 49–52.Google Scholar
Gorshenina, Svetlana. The Private Collections of Russian Turkestan in the Second Half of the 19th and Early 20th Century. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2004.Google Scholar
Gorshenina, Svetlana. “Krupneĭshie Proekty Kolonial'nykh Arkhivov Rossii: Utopichnost’ Total'noĭ Turkestaniki General-Gubernatora Konstantina Petrovicha fon Kaufmana.” Ab Imperio 3 (2007): 1–64.Google Scholar
Gramenitskiĭ, S. Ocherk Razvitiya Narodnogo Obrazovaniya v Turkestanskom krae. Tashkent: Tipo-lit. torg. d. “F. i G. Kamenskie,” 1896.Google Scholar
“Illustrirovannoe Opisanie Vserossiyskoĭ Manufacturnoĭ Vystavki 1870g.” Prilozhenie k Vsemirnoĭ Illustratsii. St. Petersburg: G. Goppe, 1870.Google Scholar
Il'minskiĭ, N. I. “Izvlecheniya iz Pisem N. I. Il'minskogo k N. P. Ostroumovu” (Pervoe Prilozhenie k Stat'e P. V. Znamenskogo “Uchastie N. I. Il'minskogo v Dele Narodnogo Obrazovaniya v Turkestanskom Krae”) [“Extracts from N.I. Il’minskiĭ’s letters to N.P. Ostroumov” (First annex to the article by P.V. Znamenskiĭ “N.I. Ilminskiĭ’s involvement in the public education in Turkestan”)]. Pravoslavnyĭ sobesednik 1 (1900).Google Scholar
Ivanov, P. P. Arkhiv Khivinskikh Khanov XIX v.: Issledovanie i Opisanie Dokumentov s Istoricheskim Vvedeniem. Leningrad: Gosudarsvennaya publichnaya biblioteka, 1940.Google Scholar
“Izvlechenie iz Doneseniĭ o Deystviyakh v 1870g. Rekognostsirovochnykh Otryadov: Ura-Tyubinskogo i Zaravshanskogo.” In Russkiĭ Turkestan. Vol. 3, 199–206. Moscow: University typography, 1872.Google Scholar
Khromov, A. L. Yagnobskiĭ Yazyk. Moscow: Nauka, 1972.Google Scholar
Lunin, B. V. Nauchnye Obshchestva Turkestana i ikh Progressivnaya Deyatel'nost’: Konets XIX–Nachalo XX v. Tashkent: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk UzSSR, 1962.Google Scholar
Levi, Scott Cameron and Ron, Sela Islamic Central Asia: an Anthology of Historical Sources. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Lunin, B. V. Srednyaya Aziya v Dorevolutsionnom i Sovetskom Vostokovedenii. Tashkent: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk UzSSR, 1965.Google Scholar
Maev, N. “A.L. Kun.” TV 46 (1888): 182–3.Google Scholar
Mayev, N. A., and Trotskiĭ, V. N., eds. Russkiĭ Turkestan: Sbornik, Izdannyĭ po Povodu Politekhnicheskoĭ Vystavki. 3 vols. Moscow: University typography, 1872.Google Scholar
Morrison, Alexander. “Amlakdars, Khwajas, and Mulk Land in the Zarafshan Valley after the Russian Conquest, 1868–1874.” In Explorations in the Social History of Modern Central Asia (19th–Early 20th Centuries), edited by Sartori, Paolo, 23–64. Leiden: Brill, 2013.Google Scholar
Morrison, Alexander. “‘Applied Orientalism’ in British India and Tsarist Russia.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 51, no. 3 (2009): 619–647. doi: 10.1017/S0010417509000255CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mukhtarov, A. M. Epigraficheskie pamyatniki Kuhistana (XI–XIX vv.). 2 vols. Dushanbe: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk Tadzhik. SSR, 1978–79.Google Scholar
Ostroumov, N. P. “Kolebaniya vo Vzglyadakh na Obrazovanie Tuzemtsev v Turkestanskom Krae (Khronologicheskaya spravka).” In Kaufmanskiĭ Sbornik, Izdannyĭ v Pamyat’ 25 Let, Istekshikh so Dnya Smerti Pokoritelya i Ustrotelya Turkestanskogo Kraya General-Ad'yutanta K. P. Fon-Kaufmana I-go, 139–160. Moscow: Tipo-lit. t-va I. N. Kushnerev i Ko, 1910.Google Scholar
Ostroumov, N. P. Konstantin Petrovich fon-Kaufman—Ustroitel’ Turkestanskogo Kraya. Lichnye Vospominaniya N. Ostroumova (1877–1881g.g.). Tashkent: Tipo-lit. t. d. “F. i G. Kamenskie,” 1899.Google Scholar
Ostroumov, N. P. Otchet Turkestanskoĭ Uchitel'skoĭ Seminarii za 25 Let ee Sushchestvovaniya. Tashkent: Tipo-litografiya V.M. Il'ina, 1904.Google Scholar
Otchet Imperatorskoĭ Publichnoĭ Biblioteki [IPB] za 1870g. St. Petersburg: Imperatorskaya Publichnaya Biblioteka, 1872.Google Scholar
Otchet IPB za 1871g. St. Petersburg: IPB, 1872.Google Scholar
Otchet IPB za 1874g. St. Petersburg: IPB, 1875.Google Scholar
Otchet IPB za 1876g. St. Petersburg: IPB, 1877.Google Scholar
Otchet IPB za 1882g. St. Petersburg: IPB, 1884.Google Scholar
Pantusov, N. N. (N. P.) “Arkhiv Kokandskogo Khana.” TV 12 (1876): 45–46.Google Scholar
Stasov, V. V. “Tron Khivinskikh Khanov.” Vestnik Iziaschnykh Iskusstv 4, no. 5 (1886): 405–417.Google Scholar
Shebunin, A. F. Kuficheskiĭ Koran Imperatorskoĭ Publichnoĭ Biblioteki. St. Petersburg: Tipografiya Akademii Nauk, 1891.Google Scholar
Terenty'ev, M. A. Istoriya Zavoyevaniya Sredney Azii. 3 vols. St. Petersburg: Tipo-lit. V. V. Komarova, 1903–6.Google Scholar
Troitskaya, A. L. “Arkhiv Kokandskikh Khanov XIX Veka. Predvaritel'nyĭ obzor.” Trudy Publichnoĭ Biblioteki im. M. E. Saltykova-Shchedrina 2, no. 5 (1957): 185–209.Google Scholar
Troitskaya, A. L. Katalog Arkhiva Kokandskikh Khanov XIX Veka. Moscow: Nauka, 1968.Google Scholar
Vasilyeva, O. V. “Rukopisnye Knigi i Dokumenty iz Fondov Rossiĭskoĭ Natsional'noĭ Biblioteki.” Kutubxona.uz 3, no. 11 (2011): 16–24.Google Scholar
Vasilyeva, O. V., and Lebedev, V. V.. “Arabskie, Tyurkskie i Persidsko-tadzhikskie Dokumenty v Gosudarstvennoĭ Publichnoĭ Biblioteke im. M. E. Saltykova-Schedrina.” In Istochnikovedcheskoe Izuchenie Pamiatnikov Pis'mennoĭ Kul'tury: Sbornik Nauchnykh Trudov, edited by Enin, G. P., 139–148. Leningrad: Gosudarstvennaya Publichnaya Biblioteka im. M. E. Saltykova-Schedrina, 1984.Google Scholar
Yastrebova, O. M. “Dokumenty XIX Veka iz Verkhov'ev Reki Zeravshan v Otdele Ruskopisey Rossiyskoĭ Natsional'noĭ Biblioteki.” Vostochnyĭ Sbornik 6 (2003): 77–123.Google Scholar
Yuldashev, M. Yu. “Novye Arkhivnye Istochniki po Istorii Sredneĭ Azii.” Kratkie Soobshcheniya Instituta Narodov Azii 1 (1951): 35–41.Google Scholar
Alam, Muzaffar, and Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. Writing the Mughal World. Studies on Culture and Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Azad, Arezou. “The Faḍāʾil-i Balkh and its Place in Islamic Historiography.” IRAN 50 (2012): 79–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Azad, Arezou. Sacred Landscape in Medieval Afghanistan: Revisiting the Faḍāʾil-i Balkh. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barthold, V., and Bosworth, C. E.. “Khokand.” EI2.Google Scholar
Barthold, V., and Shafīʿ, M.. “ʿAbd al-Razzāk Kamāl al- Dīn b. Djalāl al- Dīn Ishāk al-Samarkandī.” EI2.Google Scholar
Brockelmann, Carl. Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur. 5 vols. inc. supplements. Leiden: Brill, 1943–49.Google Scholar
Chandra, Satish. “Dārā Shukōh.” EI2.Google Scholar
Frye, R. N. “City Chronicles of Central Asia and Khurasan: The Kitāb-e Mullāzāde.” In Avicenna Commemoration Volume, 89–92. Calcutta: Iran Society, 1955.Google Scholar
Gavrilov, M. Risolya sartovskikh remeslennikov: izsledovanie predaniĭ musul'mansikh tsekhov. Tashkent: Tip. pri kants. gen.-gubernat., 1912.Google Scholar
Hāfiz Tanīsh b. Muhammad Bukhārī, Nakhlī. ʿAbd Allāh-nāma. Edited by Salakhetdinova, M. A.. 2 vols. Moscow: Nauka, 1983–89.Google Scholar
Hāfiz Tanīsh b. Muhammad Bukhārī, Nakhlī. ʿAbd Allāh-nāma. Edited by Mirzaev, S. and Ahmedov, B.. Vol. 1. Tashkent: Sharq, 1999.Google Scholar
Kāshifī, Fakhr al-Dīn ʿAlī b. al-Husayn al-Wāʿiz al-. Rashahāt-i ʿayn al-hayāt. Edited by Muʿīnyān, ʿA. A.. Tehran: Majmūʿa-yi mutūn-i qadīm wa ahwāl-i dānish-mandān wa ʿārifān, 1356/1977–78.Google Scholar
Kātib Chelebī, Mustafā, Khalīfa, Hājjī. Dustūr al-ʿamal fī iṣlāḥ al-khalal. Istanbul, 1280/1863. Appended to ʿAyn-i ʿAlī, Qawānīn-i Āl-i ʿOthmān (Istanbul: Enderun Kitabevi, 1979).Google Scholar
Khalid, Adeeb. The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central Asia. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Khujandī, Niyāz Muḥammad b. ʿAshūr Muḥammad. Tārīkh-i Shāhrukhī. Edited by Pantusov, Nikola. Qazān: Tabʿ-khāna-yi Madrasa-yi al-Kubrā, 1885.Google Scholar
Kleinmichel, Siegrid. “Turks—6) Literature in Turkic languages outside Turkey from 1400 to the present, a) Čaghatay literature in Central Asia and Uzbek literature.” EI2.Google Scholar
Kopf, L. “Al-Djawharī.” EI2.Google Scholar
Laṭīfī, ʿAbd al-Laṭīf Chelebī. Latîfî tezkiresi. Edited by İsen, Mustafa. Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı, 1990.Google Scholar
MacKenzie, D. N. “Ḳāmūs—2. Persian Lexicography.” EI2.Google Scholar
Khān, Muhammad Hakīm. Muntakhab al-tawārīkh. Edited by Mukhtarov, Ahror. Dushanbe: Donish, 1985.Google Scholar
Munshī, Muhammad Yūsuf. Muqim-Khanskaya istoriya. Edited by Semenov, A. A.. Tashkent: Nauka, 1956.Google Scholar
Munshī, Muhammad Yūsuf. Tazkireh-ye Muqīm-khānī. Edited by Sarrāfān, Firishta. Tehran: Mirath-i Maktūb, 1380/2001–2.Google Scholar
Muʾnis, Shīr-Muḥammad. Firdaws al-iqbāl. Edited by Bregel, Yuri. Leiden: Brill, 1999 [1988].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Narshakhī. Tārīkh-i Bukhārā. Edited by Raḍawī, Mudarris et al. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Bunyād-i Farhang-i Īrān, 1351/1972–73.Google Scholar
Narshakhī. The History of Bukhara. Translated by Frye, Richard. Cambridge, MA: 1954.Google Scholar
Nasafī, al- (Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar b. Muḥammad al-Nasafī). Al-Qand fī dhikr ʿulamāʾ Samarqand. Edited by Muhammad al-Fāryābī, Nazr. Riyadh: Maktabat (al-)Kawthar, 1412/1991.Google Scholar
Nasafī, al- (Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar b. Muḥammad al-Nasafī). Al-Qand fī dhikr ʿulamāʾ Samarqand. Edited by al-Hādī, Yūsuf. Tehran: Mīrāth Maktūb, 1378 H.Sh./1999.Google Scholar
Nasafī, al- (Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar b. Muḥammad al-Nasafī). Qandiyya. Edited by Afshār, Īraj. Tehran: Maktabat al-Kawthar, 1334 H.Sh./1955.Google Scholar
Nawshāhī, ʿĀrif. “Nuskha-yi nawyāfta-yi Fadāʾil-i Balkh.” Maʿārif 19, no. 2 (1381/2002): 60–91.Google Scholar
Olloër, [Sufi]. Sabot ul-ozhizin. Edited by Muhammad Ali, Hozhi Pulatqori et al. Tashkent: Mehnat, 1991.Google Scholar
Paul, Jürgen. “The Histories of Samarqand.” Studia Islamica 22 (1993): 69–92.Google Scholar
Qataghān, Muhammad Yār b. ʿArab. Musakhkhir al-bilād. Edited by Jalālī, Nādira. Tehran: Mīrāth-i Maktūb, 1385/2006–7.Google Scholar
Salemann, Carl. “Das Asiatische Museum im Jahre 1890. Nebst Nachträgen.” Mélanges Asiatiques X (1891): 271–281.Google Scholar
Sarkhūsh, Muhammad Afdal. Kalimāt al-shuʿarā. Edited by Lakhnavi, Mahvi Siddiqi. Madras University Islamic Series no. 14. Madras: University of Madras, [1951].Google Scholar
Shaykh al-Islām, al-Wāʿiz and ʿAbd Allāh b. Muhammad b., al-Qāsim al-Husaynī. Fadāʾil-i Balkh. Edited by Habībī, ʿAbd al-Hayy. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Bunyād-i Farhang-i Īrān, 1350/1971.Google Scholar
Storey, C. A. Persian Literature. A Bio-bibliographical Survey. 5 vols. Luzac, London: 1927–52.Google Scholar
Storey, C. A., and Bregel, Yu. Persidskaya literatura; Biobibliograficheskiĭ obzor. 3 vols. Moscow: Glavna͡ya redak͡tsi͡ya vostochnoĭ literatury, 1972.Google Scholar
Strohmaier, G. “Hunayn b. Ishāq al-ʿIbādī.” EI2.Google Scholar
Süssheim, K., and Schacht, J.. “Ak Hisārī—d) Hasan, called Kāfī.” EI2.Google Scholar
Von Kügelgen, Anke. “Bukhara—viii. Historiography of the Khanate, 1500–1920.” EIr Online.Google Scholar
Wāsifī, Zayn al-Dīn. Badāʾiʿ al-waqāʾiʿ. Edited by Boldyrev, A. N.. 2 vols. Moscow: Nauka, 1961.Google Scholar
Weinberger, James. “The Authorship of Two Twelfth Century Transoxanian Biographical Dictionaries.” Arabica (1986) 33: 369–382. doi: 10.1163/157005886X00244CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welsford, Thomas. Four Types of Loyalty in Early Modern Central Asia: Tūqāy-Tīmūrid Takeover of Greater Mā warā al-nahr, 1598–1605. Leiden: Brill, 2012.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. [Iskandar Tūra/Tūryā]. “Koran Osmana.” TV 1 (1870): 2.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Vakufy.” TV 21 (1872).Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Ot Khivy do Gazavata.” TV 32 (1873): 125.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Zametki o Podatyakh v Khivinskom Khanstve.” TV 32 (1873): 125–127.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Bukharskie Poryadki: Zametki o Poryadke Vzimaniya Pozemel'nykh Podateĭ s deteĭ.” TV 32 (1873): 127.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Poryadok Vzimaniya Podateĭ v Khivinskov Khanstve.” TV 33 (1873): 130–131.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Zametki o Khivinskom Khanstve.” TV 40 (1873): 158.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Opisanie Pechateĭ Khivinskikh Khanov.” TV 40 (1873): 158.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Kul'turnyĭ Oazis Khivinskogo Khanstva.” TV 2–3, 6, 9, 12, 14 (1874).Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Poezdka po Khivinskomu Khanstvu v 1873g.” Izvestiya Imperatorskogo Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva 10, no. 2 (1874): 47–58.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Bericht über meine Reise durch das Chanat Chiwa während der Expedition im Jahre 1873.” Russische Revue: Monatsschrift für die Kunde Russlands 4 (1874): 58–74.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Koran Osmana‘” Materialy dlya Statistiki Turkestanskogo Kraya: Ezhegodnik 3 (1874): 401–404.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Dolina Fergany (Pis'mo v Redaktsiyu).” TV 40 (1875): 159.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Rasskaz Khakima (Pravitelya) Goroda Khanki, Amin-baya, o ego Posol'stve v Indiyu v 1870–71 Godakh.” TV 11 (1875): 41–44.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Ot Khivy do Kungrada.” Materialy dlya Statistiki Turkestanskogo Kraya: Ezhegodnik 4 (1876): 203–222.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Kul'tura Oazisa Nizov'ev Amu-Dar'i.” Materialy dlya Statistiki Turkestanskogo Kraya: Ezhegodnik 4 (1876): 223–259.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Das Gebiet Ferghana, das frühere Chanat Chokand.” Russische Revue: Monatsschrift für die Kunde Russlands 8 (1876): 329–364.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Das neue Grenzgebiet unserer mittelasiatischen Besitzungen, der Bezirk Namangan.” Russische Revue 8 (1876): 108–110.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Nekotorye Svedeniya o Ferganskoĭ Doline.” Voennyĭ sbornik 4 (1876).Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Ocherk Kokanskogo Khanstva.” Izvestiya Imperatorskogo Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva 12 (1876): 59–70.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “O shkol'nom obrazovanii u magometan Sredneĭ Azii.” TV 47 (1876): 186–197; 48 (1876): 191.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Ocherki Shagrisebzkogo Bekstva.” Zapiski Imperatorskogo Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva po Otdeleniyu Etnografii 6 (1880): 203–237.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Ocherki Kogistana.” TV 2 (1881): 7–8.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. L. “Svedeniya o Yagnauskom Narode (K Materialam dlya Issledovaniya Yagnobskogo Yazyka).” TV 3 (1881): 11–12; 4 (1881): 14–15.Google Scholar
Adrianov, B. V. “Arkhiv A. L. Kuna.” Sovetskaya Etnografiya 4 (1951): 149–155.Google Scholar
Annanepesov, M., and Bababekov, H. N.. “The Khanates of Khiva and Kokand and the Relations between the Khanates and with Other Powers.” In Development in Contrast – From the Sixteenth to the Mid-Nineteenth Century. Vol. 5 of History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Paris: UNESCO, 2003.Google Scholar
Babajanov, Bakhtiyar. “‘How will we appear in the eyes of inovertsy and inorodtsy?’ Nikolai Ostroumov on the Image and Function of Russian Power.” Central Asian Survey 33, no. 2 (2014): 270–288. doi: 10.1080/02634937.2014.916484CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barthold, V. Istoriya Kul'turnoĭ Zhizni Turkestana. Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1927.Google Scholar
Barthold, V. Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion. London: Luzac, 1968 [1928].Google Scholar
Barthold, V., and Subtelny, M.E. “Sārt,” EI 2.Google Scholar
Bregel, Yu. Dokumenty Archiva Khivinskikh Khanov po Istorii i Etnografii Karakolpakov. Moscow: Nauka, 1967.Google Scholar
Bregel, Yu. “Abd-al-Rahmān Samarqandī.” EIr 1/2: 147.Google Scholar
Brodovskiy, M. I., Ivanov, D. L., Krauze, I. I., Fedchenko, A. P., and Fedchenko, O. A., eds. Katalog Turkestanskogo Otdela Politekhnicheskoĭ vystavki. Moscow: University typograph [Katkov & Co], 1872.Google Scholar
Dikovitskaya, M. “Central Asia in Early Photographs: Russian Colonial Attitudes and Visual Culture.” In Empire, Islam, and Politics in Central Eurasia, 99–121. Slavic Eurasian Studies, 14. Slavic Research Center: Hokkaido University, 2007.Google Scholar
Fedchenko, A. P. “Kratkiĭ Otchiot o Puteshestvii v Basseĭn Verkhnego Zeravshana v Iyune 1870g.” Izvestiya Obschestva Lyubiteleĭ Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii 10, no. 1 (1872). (Reprint: A. P., Fedchenko, Puteshestviye v Turkestan, edited by Yusov, B. V.. Moscow: Geografgiz, 1950, 149–162.)Google Scholar
Fedchenko, A. P. “Zametki o Verkhnem Zaravshane.” Materialy dlya Statistiki Turkestanskogo Kraya: Ezhegodnik 2 (1873): 49–52.Google Scholar
Gorshenina, Svetlana. The Private Collections of Russian Turkestan in the Second Half of the 19th and Early 20th Century. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2004.Google Scholar
Gorshenina, Svetlana. “Krupneĭshie Proekty Kolonial'nykh Arkhivov Rossii: Utopichnost’ Total'noĭ Turkestaniki General-Gubernatora Konstantina Petrovicha fon Kaufmana.” Ab Imperio 3 (2007): 1–64.Google Scholar
Gramenitskiĭ, S. Ocherk Razvitiya Narodnogo Obrazovaniya v Turkestanskom krae. Tashkent: Tipo-lit. torg. d. “F. i G. Kamenskie,” 1896.Google Scholar
“Illustrirovannoe Opisanie Vserossiyskoĭ Manufacturnoĭ Vystavki 1870g.” Prilozhenie k Vsemirnoĭ Illustratsii. St. Petersburg: G. Goppe, 1870.Google Scholar
Il'minskiĭ, N. I. “Izvlecheniya iz Pisem N. I. Il'minskogo k N. P. Ostroumovu” (Pervoe Prilozhenie k Stat'e P. V. Znamenskogo “Uchastie N. I. Il'minskogo v Dele Narodnogo Obrazovaniya v Turkestanskom Krae”) [“Extracts from N.I. Il’minskiĭ’s letters to N.P. Ostroumov” (First annex to the article by P.V. Znamenskiĭ “N.I. Ilminskiĭ’s involvement in the public education in Turkestan”)]. Pravoslavnyĭ sobesednik 1 (1900).Google Scholar
Ivanov, P. P. Arkhiv Khivinskikh Khanov XIX v.: Issledovanie i Opisanie Dokumentov s Istoricheskim Vvedeniem. Leningrad: Gosudarsvennaya publichnaya biblioteka, 1940.Google Scholar
“Izvlechenie iz Doneseniĭ o Deystviyakh v 1870g. Rekognostsirovochnykh Otryadov: Ura-Tyubinskogo i Zaravshanskogo.” In Russkiĭ Turkestan. Vol. 3, 199–206. Moscow: University typography, 1872.Google Scholar
Khromov, A. L. Yagnobskiĭ Yazyk. Moscow: Nauka, 1972.Google Scholar
Lunin, B. V. Nauchnye Obshchestva Turkestana i ikh Progressivnaya Deyatel'nost’: Konets XIX–Nachalo XX v. Tashkent: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk UzSSR, 1962.Google Scholar
Levi, Scott Cameron and Ron, Sela Islamic Central Asia: an Anthology of Historical Sources. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Lunin, B. V. Srednyaya Aziya v Dorevolutsionnom i Sovetskom Vostokovedenii. Tashkent: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk UzSSR, 1965.Google Scholar
Maev, N. “A.L. Kun.” TV 46 (1888): 182–3.Google Scholar
Mayev, N. A., and Trotskiĭ, V. N., eds. Russkiĭ Turkestan: Sbornik, Izdannyĭ po Povodu Politekhnicheskoĭ Vystavki. 3 vols. Moscow: University typography, 1872.Google Scholar
Morrison, Alexander. “Amlakdars, Khwajas, and Mulk Land in the Zarafshan Valley after the Russian Conquest, 1868–1874.” In Explorations in the Social History of Modern Central Asia (19th–Early 20th Centuries), edited by Sartori, Paolo, 23–64. Leiden: Brill, 2013.Google Scholar
Morrison, Alexander. “‘Applied Orientalism’ in British India and Tsarist Russia.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 51, no. 3 (2009): 619–647. doi: 10.1017/S0010417509000255CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mukhtarov, A. M. Epigraficheskie pamyatniki Kuhistana (XI–XIX vv.). 2 vols. Dushanbe: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk Tadzhik. SSR, 1978–79.Google Scholar
Ostroumov, N. P. “Kolebaniya vo Vzglyadakh na Obrazovanie Tuzemtsev v Turkestanskom Krae (Khronologicheskaya spravka).” In Kaufmanskiĭ Sbornik, Izdannyĭ v Pamyat’ 25 Let, Istekshikh so Dnya Smerti Pokoritelya i Ustrotelya Turkestanskogo Kraya General-Ad'yutanta K. P. Fon-Kaufmana I-go, 139–160. Moscow: Tipo-lit. t-va I. N. Kushnerev i Ko, 1910.Google Scholar
Ostroumov, N. P. Konstantin Petrovich fon-Kaufman—Ustroitel’ Turkestanskogo Kraya. Lichnye Vospominaniya N. Ostroumova (1877–1881g.g.). Tashkent: Tipo-lit. t. d. “F. i G. Kamenskie,” 1899.Google Scholar
Ostroumov, N. P. Otchet Turkestanskoĭ Uchitel'skoĭ Seminarii za 25 Let ee Sushchestvovaniya. Tashkent: Tipo-litografiya V.M. Il'ina, 1904.Google Scholar
Otchet Imperatorskoĭ Publichnoĭ Biblioteki [IPB] za 1870g. St. Petersburg: Imperatorskaya Publichnaya Biblioteka, 1872.Google Scholar
Otchet IPB za 1871g. St. Petersburg: IPB, 1872.Google Scholar
Otchet IPB za 1874g. St. Petersburg: IPB, 1875.Google Scholar
Otchet IPB za 1876g. St. Petersburg: IPB, 1877.Google Scholar
Otchet IPB za 1882g. St. Petersburg: IPB, 1884.Google Scholar
Pantusov, N. N. (N. P.) “Arkhiv Kokandskogo Khana.” TV 12 (1876): 45–46.Google Scholar
Stasov, V. V. “Tron Khivinskikh Khanov.” Vestnik Iziaschnykh Iskusstv 4, no. 5 (1886): 405–417.Google Scholar
Shebunin, A. F. Kuficheskiĭ Koran Imperatorskoĭ Publichnoĭ Biblioteki. St. Petersburg: Tipografiya Akademii Nauk, 1891.Google Scholar
Terenty'ev, M. A. Istoriya Zavoyevaniya Sredney Azii. 3 vols. St. Petersburg: Tipo-lit. V. V. Komarova, 1903–6.Google Scholar
Troitskaya, A. L. “Arkhiv Kokandskikh Khanov XIX Veka. Predvaritel'nyĭ obzor.” Trudy Publichnoĭ Biblioteki im. M. E. Saltykova-Shchedrina 2, no. 5 (1957): 185–209.Google Scholar
Troitskaya, A. L. Katalog Arkhiva Kokandskikh Khanov XIX Veka. Moscow: Nauka, 1968.Google Scholar
Vasilyeva, O. V. “Rukopisnye Knigi i Dokumenty iz Fondov Rossiĭskoĭ Natsional'noĭ Biblioteki.” Kutubxona.uz 3, no. 11 (2011): 16–24.Google Scholar
Vasilyeva, O. V., and Lebedev, V. V.. “Arabskie, Tyurkskie i Persidsko-tadzhikskie Dokumenty v Gosudarstvennoĭ Publichnoĭ Biblioteke im. M. E. Saltykova-Schedrina.” In Istochnikovedcheskoe Izuchenie Pamiatnikov Pis'mennoĭ Kul'tury: Sbornik Nauchnykh Trudov, edited by Enin, G. P., 139–148. Leningrad: Gosudarstvennaya Publichnaya Biblioteka im. M. E. Saltykova-Schedrina, 1984.Google Scholar
Yastrebova, O. M. “Dokumenty XIX Veka iz Verkhov'ev Reki Zeravshan v Otdele Ruskopisey Rossiyskoĭ Natsional'noĭ Biblioteki.” Vostochnyĭ Sbornik 6 (2003): 77–123.Google Scholar
Yuldashev, M. Yu. “Novye Arkhivnye Istochniki po Istorii Sredneĭ Azii.” Kratkie Soobshcheniya Instituta Narodov Azii 1 (1951): 35–41.Google Scholar
Alam, Muzaffar, and Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. Writing the Mughal World. Studies on Culture and Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Azad, Arezou. “The Faḍāʾil-i Balkh and its Place in Islamic Historiography.” IRAN 50 (2012): 79–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Azad, Arezou. Sacred Landscape in Medieval Afghanistan: Revisiting the Faḍāʾil-i Balkh. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barthold, V., and Bosworth, C. E.. “Khokand.” EI2.Google Scholar
Barthold, V., and Shafīʿ, M.. “ʿAbd al-Razzāk Kamāl al- Dīn b. Djalāl al- Dīn Ishāk al-Samarkandī.” EI2.Google Scholar
Brockelmann, Carl. Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur. 5 vols. inc. supplements. Leiden: Brill, 1943–49.Google Scholar
Chandra, Satish. “Dārā Shukōh.” EI2.Google Scholar
Frye, R. N. “City Chronicles of Central Asia and Khurasan: The Kitāb-e Mullāzāde.” In Avicenna Commemoration Volume, 89–92. Calcutta: Iran Society, 1955.Google Scholar
Gavrilov, M. Risolya sartovskikh remeslennikov: izsledovanie predaniĭ musul'mansikh tsekhov. Tashkent: Tip. pri kants. gen.-gubernat., 1912.Google Scholar
Hāfiz Tanīsh b. Muhammad Bukhārī, Nakhlī. ʿAbd Allāh-nāma. Edited by Salakhetdinova, M. A.. 2 vols. Moscow: Nauka, 1983–89.Google Scholar
Hāfiz Tanīsh b. Muhammad Bukhārī, Nakhlī. ʿAbd Allāh-nāma. Edited by Mirzaev, S. and Ahmedov, B.. Vol. 1. Tashkent: Sharq, 1999.Google Scholar
Kāshifī, Fakhr al-Dīn ʿAlī b. al-Husayn al-Wāʿiz al-. Rashahāt-i ʿayn al-hayāt. Edited by Muʿīnyān, ʿA. A.. Tehran: Majmūʿa-yi mutūn-i qadīm wa ahwāl-i dānish-mandān wa ʿārifān, 1356/1977–78.Google Scholar
Kātib Chelebī, Mustafā, Khalīfa, Hājjī. Dustūr al-ʿamal fī iṣlāḥ al-khalal. Istanbul, 1280/1863. Appended to ʿAyn-i ʿAlī, Qawānīn-i Āl-i ʿOthmān (Istanbul: Enderun Kitabevi, 1979).Google Scholar
Khalid, Adeeb. The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central Asia. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Khujandī, Niyāz Muḥammad b. ʿAshūr Muḥammad. Tārīkh-i Shāhrukhī. Edited by Pantusov, Nikola. Qazān: Tabʿ-khāna-yi Madrasa-yi al-Kubrā, 1885.Google Scholar
Kleinmichel, Siegrid. “Turks—6) Literature in Turkic languages outside Turkey from 1400 to the present, a) Čaghatay literature in Central Asia and Uzbek literature.” EI2.Google Scholar
Kopf, L. “Al-Djawharī.” EI2.Google Scholar
Laṭīfī, ʿAbd al-Laṭīf Chelebī. Latîfî tezkiresi. Edited by İsen, Mustafa. Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı, 1990.Google Scholar
MacKenzie, D. N. “Ḳāmūs—2. Persian Lexicography.” EI2.Google Scholar
Khān, Muhammad Hakīm. Muntakhab al-tawārīkh. Edited by Mukhtarov, Ahror. Dushanbe: Donish, 1985.Google Scholar
Munshī, Muhammad Yūsuf. Muqim-Khanskaya istoriya. Edited by Semenov, A. A.. Tashkent: Nauka, 1956.Google Scholar
Munshī, Muhammad Yūsuf. Tazkireh-ye Muqīm-khānī. Edited by Sarrāfān, Firishta. Tehran: Mirath-i Maktūb, 1380/2001–2.Google Scholar
Muʾnis, Shīr-Muḥammad. Firdaws al-iqbāl. Edited by Bregel, Yuri. Leiden: Brill, 1999 [1988].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Narshakhī. Tārīkh-i Bukhārā. Edited by Raḍawī, Mudarris et al. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Bunyād-i Farhang-i Īrān, 1351/1972–73.Google Scholar
Narshakhī. The History of Bukhara. Translated by Frye, Richard. Cambridge, MA: 1954.Google Scholar
Nasafī, al- (Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar b. Muḥammad al-Nasafī). Al-Qand fī dhikr ʿulamāʾ Samarqand. Edited by Muhammad al-Fāryābī, Nazr. Riyadh: Maktabat (al-)Kawthar, 1412/1991.Google Scholar
Nasafī, al- (Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar b. Muḥammad al-Nasafī). Al-Qand fī dhikr ʿulamāʾ Samarqand. Edited by al-Hādī, Yūsuf. Tehran: Mīrāth Maktūb, 1378 H.Sh./1999.Google Scholar
Nasafī, al- (Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar b. Muḥammad al-Nasafī). Qandiyya. Edited by Afshār, Īraj. Tehran: Maktabat al-Kawthar, 1334 H.Sh./1955.Google Scholar
Nawshāhī, ʿĀrif. “Nuskha-yi nawyāfta-yi Fadāʾil-i Balkh.” Maʿārif 19, no. 2 (1381/2002): 60–91.Google Scholar
Olloër, [Sufi]. Sabot ul-ozhizin. Edited by Muhammad Ali, Hozhi Pulatqori et al. Tashkent: Mehnat, 1991.Google Scholar
Paul, Jürgen. “The Histories of Samarqand.” Studia Islamica 22 (1993): 69–92.Google Scholar
Qataghān, Muhammad Yār b. ʿArab. Musakhkhir al-bilād. Edited by Jalālī, Nādira. Tehran: Mīrāth-i Maktūb, 1385/2006–7.Google Scholar
Salemann, Carl. “Das Asiatische Museum im Jahre 1890. Nebst Nachträgen.” Mélanges Asiatiques X (1891): 271–281.Google Scholar
Sarkhūsh, Muhammad Afdal. Kalimāt al-shuʿarā. Edited by Lakhnavi, Mahvi Siddiqi. Madras University Islamic Series no. 14. Madras: University of Madras, [1951].Google Scholar
Shaykh al-Islām, al-Wāʿiz and ʿAbd Allāh b. Muhammad b., al-Qāsim al-Husaynī. Fadāʾil-i Balkh. Edited by Habībī, ʿAbd al-Hayy. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Bunyād-i Farhang-i Īrān, 1350/1971.Google Scholar
Storey, C. A. Persian Literature. A Bio-bibliographical Survey. 5 vols. Luzac, London: 1927–52.Google Scholar
Storey, C. A., and Bregel, Yu. Persidskaya literatura; Biobibliograficheskiĭ obzor. 3 vols. Moscow: Glavna͡ya redak͡tsi͡ya vostochnoĭ literatury, 1972.Google Scholar
Strohmaier, G. “Hunayn b. Ishāq al-ʿIbādī.” EI2.Google Scholar
Süssheim, K., and Schacht, J.. “Ak Hisārī—d) Hasan, called Kāfī.” EI2.Google Scholar
Von Kügelgen, Anke. “Bukhara—viii. Historiography of the Khanate, 1500–1920.” EIr Online.Google Scholar
Wāsifī, Zayn al-Dīn. Badāʾiʿ al-waqāʾiʿ. Edited by Boldyrev, A. N.. 2 vols. Moscow: Nauka, 1961.Google Scholar
Weinberger, James. “The Authorship of Two Twelfth Century Transoxanian Biographical Dictionaries.” Arabica (1986) 33: 369–382. doi: 10.1163/157005886X00244CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welsford, Thomas. Four Types of Loyalty in Early Modern Central Asia: Tūqāy-Tīmūrid Takeover of Greater Mā warā al-nahr, 1598–1605. Leiden: Brill, 2012.Google Scholar

A correction has been issued for this article:

Erratum