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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 December 2022

Edited by
Sverker Sörlin
Sverker Sörlin
Affiliation:
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

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Type
Chapter
Information
Resource Extraction and Arctic Communities
The New Extractivist Paradigm
 , pp. 274 - 284
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

AB Isfjorden-Belsund, 190
AB Nautanens Kopparfält, 199
AB Spetsbergens Svenska Kolfält, 190
Abandoned mines in the Arctic, 22, 185, 196
Acid mine drainage, 189
Adaptation, 95, 103, 118–119, 133, 253, 265
Adventure travel, 58
Affarlikassa Fjord, 42
Affect, 22, 70, 90, 96, 98, 104, 148–149, 151–152, 157–158, 160–161, 170–171, 178, 185, 187, 190, 222, 271
Affective
analytical approach, 160
assemblages, 149
atmospheres, 149
community, 156
meaning-making, 149, 161
move, 160
practices, 149
turn, 148
Affective approaches, 145–161
Affective life at citizens’ meeting, organizing, 151–155
Africa, 7, 48
steel crisis, 230
Afterlife of the mining landscape, the, 211
Agency, 12, 16, 95, 152, 167, 176, 196
Agenda 2030, 10, 20, 266–267
Agriculture, 14, 23, 40, 48, 52, 56, 80, 216, 218, 231
Agro-colonial regime (of extractivism), 48
Aitik, 198
Äkäslompolo village, 216, 218
Alaska, 16, 20, 39, 41, 57, 71, 254
ecological destruction, 70
gold rushes in, 4
Indigenous corporations in, 271
native corporations in, 36
Prudhoe Bay oil field, 70
Red Dog zinc mine in, 52
Alberta
Indigenous communities in, 50
Alkavare, 44
Alta, 95, 97, 251
Älvsbyn, 214, 221
Älvsbyn municipality, 207, 213, 215
Anthropocene, 6–8, 10, 14–17, 23, 41, 73, 185, 252
The Human Epoch, 7
transformation, 36
Anthropocene Working Group, 7
Antiquarianism, 169
Anubis Gates, The (Powers), 171
Apparatus of power, 152
Apparatus, mining, 149–152, 155, 160
Apparatus, mining project, 147, 161
Arboleda, M., Planetary Mine, 9, 55, 185
Architecture, 233–234
Arctic Circle, 254
Arctic Council, 267–268
Arctic extractivism, 4–6, 14, 35–38, 49, 55, 57, 134, 254
debating, 49–55
and European Arctic colonialism, 43–49
framing Western concept, 37–40
legacies and trajectories of, 55–58
patterns of, 35–58
Svalbard, 69–72
Arctic extractivist trajectories, 10–12
Arctic Fennoscandia, 11, 21, 40, 43–45, 47–48, 56, 109–111, 110, 115–116, 118–119, 125, 127, 128, 129, 132, 134–136, 172, 177, 206
location map of, 45
Arctic futures, 19, 36, 95–99, 104, 253, 266, 270
Arctic Human Development Reports, 265
Arctic humanities, 3, 6, 16–17
Arctic hyper-extractivism, 14–16
Arctic North America, 11, 35
Arctic Ocean, 17, 267
Arctic Politics (Young), 266
Arctic Resilience Report, 265
Art, 212, 223, 233–234, 265
cave, 169
Artificial intelligence, 4
Assessment processes, 127
Atacama desert, Chile, 7
Atmosphere, 16, 148–149, 152–156, 160–161
Australia, 3, 156
decrepit mining towns, 68
extractivist trajectories, 12
(Cameron), 176
Baku Georgia, 48
Barents Sea, 251, 253, 267
Barents, W., 73
Beaver Creek extraction site, 51
Bering Strait, 12
Beringia, 11
Beyond-the-rational, 22, 166–167, 177–178
Bingham Canyon Mine, 7
Biodiversity, 7, 71, 95, 101
global threats to, 190
Biosphere, 16, 23
Birtavarre copper mine, Troms, 45
Black Angel Mine, 41, 43
Boliden (mining company), 119, 130–132, 198, 201, 207, 209–212, 214–215, 222–224
Boomtown, 68–69, 71
Brave New Arctic, 266
British Geological Survey, 3
British imperialism, 40
Bronze Age, 8, 169
Built environment, 211, 229, 233, 235, 241–244
Bureising (Norwegian), 258
Cameralism, 47
Cameron, J. Avatar, 176
Canada, 11–12, 16–17, 22, 41, 57, 79, 156, 230–231, 236, 241–243, 254
Diavik diamond mine, 15
extractivist trajectories, 12
steel crisis, 231
Canadian boarding schools, 258
Capitalism, 14, 38, 49, 175
European, 38
industrial, 14
Carbon democracy, 8
Carbon dictatorships, 8
Cave art, 169
China, 48, 58, 156, 195, 234
coal mining, 9, 66
hyper-extractivism, 14
mining projects in Greenland, 12
Civic rights, 37
Climate change, xvii–xviii, 7, 9, 11, 14, 19, 23, 57–58, 67, 70, 76, 89–90, 96, 98–99, 101, 103, 109, 112, 115, 119–120, 125, 135, 137, 166, 200, 215, 257–258, 265, 267–268, 271
CO2 emissions, 6, 20, 153
Coal, 8, 11–13, 15, 20, 41, 47, 57, 66–67, 69, 71, 74, 76–77, 80, 190–191, 195, 200, 216, 267, 270
as capital, 69
consumption, 57
extraction, 20
fossil, 4
mining, 9, 66
production, 57
Cobalt, 4
Cold War, xvii, xix, 11, 18–20, 36, 265–267
Colonial, xvii, 5, 9, 37–41, 43, 56, 70, 75, 152, 166, 253–254, 256, 260–261
Colonial dispossession, 258–260
Colonialism, 48
green, 26, 270
industrial, 39
internal, 44
resource, 17, 48
Coloniality, 43
Colonization, 40, 258
inner, 258
policies, 37
Cominco, 41
Committee for Greenlandic Mineral Resources to the Benefit of Society, 159
Commodities, 36
Commodities super cycle, 11
Common Era, 7
Common good, 9, 153
Commons, 10, 14, 48, 257
“common good,” 9, 153, 257
future commons, 256–258
and ownership, 256
and reciprocal commitment, 257
and siida, 257
Communities
Arctic, 18
mining, 68–69
Community
Sámi reindeer herding community (SRC), 109, 112, 114–115, 118, 128–131, 136
Community of the People party (Inuit Ataqatigiit), 70
Competing Arctic Futures (Wormbs), 268
Company town, 80, 241–243
Competing Arctic Futures, 268
Conflicts, xvii, 19, 66, 68, 89, 103–104, 146, 199, 202, 206–207, 214, 225, 235, 259
Conservation, 35, 76, 233–234, 256
nature, 132, 219
Copper, 3–4, 66, 110, 125, 130–132, 169, 171, 195–196, 198, 209–211, 235, 259, 270
Critical Minerals List, 57
Cruise ships, 52
Cryolite, 11, 41
Cryosphere, 16
Cultural, 12, 17, 21, 35, 38, 73, 79–80, 91, 95, 125, 134, 148, 152, 167, 169–171, 176, 178, 214, 233, 243
Cultural
assimilation, 46
attitudes, 38
exchange, 253
heritage, 75, 126, 167, 186, 190, 193, 196, 198, 200, 206, 209, 211–213, 215, 219, 221, 233–234, 237, 244, 259
legacies, 177
motifs, 167
policy, 233
values, 234, 244
Culture, xix, 17, 21, 36, 39–40, 46, 81, 110, 118, 151, 169, 171, 229, 233, 269–270
human, 81, 169
popular, 167, 178
Sámi, 46, 110–111, 115, 135
Cumulative effects, 109–120, 125–126, 128–129, 131
Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, the, 153
Deatnu (Deanušaldi) river, 251
Deep sea mining, 7
Descent, The (Long), 171
Degradation, 18
De-industrialization, 207, 229–230
Democracy, 8–9
carbon, 8
Democratic legitimacy, 148
Democratic processes in Greenland
consultation, 146
decision making, 148
deliberative democracy, 147
democratic, 22
hearing, 147
public consultation, 147
Democratic Republic of Congo, 66
Demography, 14, 95, 97, 235
Demolition, 232–233, 241, 243
Denmark, 12, 16–17, 44, 70, 156
controversies in extractivism, 53
Descent, The (Long), 171
Diavik diamond mine, Canada’s Northwest Territories, 15
DIDOs. See Drive-in-drive-out
Digitalization, 98
Dispossession, 253, 256
colonial, 253, 258–260
Distance, 7, 12, 19, 21, 37, 110, 112, 192, 229
asymmetry of, 255
attribution of, 254, 256
relational, 254
Diversification, 43, 51, 53, 58, 234, 243–244
Dog sledding tourism, 20
Dreams, 167–168, 176, 178
Drive-in-drive-out (DIDOs), 71
Ecocide, 20
Economic crisis, 51–52, 230–231, 241
Economic integration, 49
EIA. See Environmental impact assessment
Electricity demand, 21, 119
Electrification, 36
Elkem, 251, 252, 259
Emmerson, C.
Future History of the Arctic, The, 265
Emotional approach, 147–149
Emotional communities, 148
Emotions, 17, 79, 145–162, 167, 172, 174–175
Emotions, in resource extraction, 145–161
affective in mining analysis, significance of, 160–161
affective life at citizens’ meeting, organizing, 151–155
disciplining of voices, 158–160
facts, 145–147
time sand legitimacy, 155–158
translocal fieldwork site, 149–150
Energy, 4, 9, 16–17, 57, 73, 76, 81, 94, 96, 111, 185, 206, 229–230, 267, 270
consumption, 74
costs, 4
forms of, 36
fossil, 6
green, 206, 267
mix, 9
prices, 230
production, 5, 12, 38, 126, 129, 235
renewable, 15, 36, 57, 74, 118–119, 135, 253, 257, 269
resources, 47, 68, 265
solar, 17, 169
storage, 253
water, 169
wind, 17, 169, 243
Enlightenment, 146, 169
Environmental, xvii–xix, 4, 21, 41, 49–50, 58, 81, 90, 92–94, 96, 98–99, 103, 109, 117, 127, 133, 135–136, 145, 150, 152, 169, 176, 185–187, 192–196, 198–199, 201, 211–212, 214, 221, 223, 238
Code, 196
costs, 50, 103
damage, 201, 223, 241
degradation, 70, 175, 206–207
destruction, 67, 252
disasters, 176
footprints, 58
Impact Assessment (EIA), 53, 55, 98, 126–127, 129–132, 136–137, 146, 150, 198, 212, 214
impacts, 14, 54, 89, 100–101, 103, 126, 129, 135–136, 150, 153, 175, 185–186, 213, 215–216, 221–224
justice, 259
management, 125, 190
previous research on, 187–190
protection, 74, 193, 201
racism, 37
remediation, 186–190, 193–196, 199–202, 212, 235
report, 153, 155
restoration, 201
risks, 215, 223
of Sveagruva-Lunckefjell, Svalbard, 193–195
Epistemology, 152, 261
Erskine, R., 234
EU. See European Union
Europe, 37, 234
Arctic extractivist trajectory, 11
European Arctic colonialism, Arctic extractivism and, 43–49
European Commission, 136, 190
European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), 20
European Union (EU), 12, 57, 119, 127, 136, 269
Evidentiary practices, 260–261
Export, 18, 91
Extraction, xvii–xix, 3–4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16–18, 20, 22, 36–39, 44, 52–53, 55, 57–58, 66–81, 91–94, 96, 98, 109, 118, 129, 135, 146, 153, 185, 187, 192, 201, 206, 209, 218, 230, 236, 244, 252, 257–259, 266–267, 269–271
coal, 20
future, 166–178
resource, 4–8, 10–11, 14, 17–19, 21, 35–38, 40, 43–44, 47–48, 50, 52, 55, 57, 67, 74, 91, 109, 119, 125–126, 134, 176, 252–253, 266–267, 269
Extractive colonial regime, 48
Extractive economies, 7, 9
Extractive industrial modernity, 35
Extractive industries, xviii, 10, 14, 16–17, 35–36, 43–44, 49, 55, 67, 70, 73, 80, 89–93, 95, 97, 99, 100–103, 146, 155, 166–167, 175–176, 178, 185–186, 260
Extractivism, 5–7, 9, 12, 14, 16–22, 35–58, 66–67, 69–72, 75–76, 79–81, 137, 160, 252–253, 256, 261, 269–271
arctic, 4–6
definition of, 5
hyper-extractivism, 14–16, 132
material impacts of, 40–43
after the “new Arctic,” 269–271
post-extractivism, 22
resource, 9, 17, 21, 253, 258, 269
Extractivist, 5, 9, 16–19, 21, 35–36, 38–40, 47, 58, 76, 78, 256, 266–267, 271
imaginaries, 17
mentality, 40
paradigm, 3–5, 9–10, 14–16, 38, 76, 258, 269–271
philosophy, 39
social order, 9
trajectories, 5, 10–12
world, 3, 7
Extraordinary, 166–178, 224
Face of loss and disruption, evidentiary practices in, 260–261
Fantasy, 166–178
FAO. See Food and Agriculture Organization
Farming, 5, 38, 54, 68, 209
Faro extraction site, 51
Fauske/Sulitjelma, 46
Fear, 166–178
Feedbacks, 103, 253
Fermont, 69
FIFO. See Fly-in-fly-out
Finland, 16, 22, 41, 44, 56, 125, 254, 258
Finnmark, 258, 260
Finnmark Property, 259
First World War, 13, 190, 209, 232
Fishing, 5, 15, 45, 48, 55, 80, 115–116, 218, 231, 244, 251, 253
Fiskarbonde og gruveslusk (fisher-farmer and miner), 45
Fly-in-fly-out (FIFO), 8, 41–42, 68, 70–71, 79, 238–239, 242
folkehøyskole, 72
Folklore, 168–170, 175, 177
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 69
Forestry, 5, 47, 111, 113, 118, 126, 129, 131–132, 209, 212–213, 216, 243
Fossil energy, 6
Fossil fuels, 4, 7, 11, 14, 19, 23, 36, 57, 66, 70, 76, 119, 253, 258, 266, 269, 271
Foucault, M., 148, 152
Fourmile Creek catchment, Colorado, 7
Fourth International Polar Year 2007–08, 268
Fragmentation, 92, 111, 134
Future commons, 256–258
Gagnon, 242
Gällivare municipality, 196, 198–199, 201–202
Gas, 4, 11–12, 17, 36, 47, 266–267
Gemstone collection (tugtupit), 54
Generalized racism, 48
Geoheritage sites, 8
Geopolitics, 4, 7–10, 12, 14, 18–20, 37, 55, 72, 76, 77, 89, 96, 99, 103, 185, 190–191, 195, 200, 254–255, 268, 271
Geo-stratigraphic markers, 6
Giske, T., 168
Ghost, 68, 96–97, 169, 171, 174, 239
Gillette Syndrome, 68
Gladstone, 68
Glasnost, 19, 265
Global South, 234
Globalization, xvii, 5, 9–10, 14, 49, 55, 71, 74, 265
capitalist, 67
neoliberal, 55
Gold, 4, 11, 17, 40–41, 54, 132, 177, 198, 200, 209
Gothic, 171
Government of Greenland, 22, 147, 151, 155
Graphite, 11
Great acceleration, 70
Great Bear Lake, 56
Greed, 17, 175–176
Green colonialism, 26, 270
Green energy, 206, 267
Green steel, 119, 235
Green transition, 99, 125, 151, 153, 156, 158, 271
Greenex, 41
Greenhouse gases, 7, 96, 235
Greenland, 11, 16, 22, 41, 44, 48, 50, 70, 79, 147, 149, 151–152, 155
China’s mining projects in, 12
controversies in extractivism, 53
hyper-extractivism, 15
Kvanefjeld project, the, 54
location map of, 42
mining concession at Kvanefjeld, 70
mining development in, 54
Greenland extractivism, 147
Greenland Minerals, 53–54, 70, 145–146, 153, 155–156, 157
Greenland Self Government, 156
Greenlandic government. See Government of Greenland
Greenwashing, 215
Gulag system, 41
Habermas, J., 148
Habitus, 148
Hammerfest, 251
Hannukainen, 207
nature-based tourism, rise of, 217–218
re-opening, 218–221
rise and fall of mining, 216–217, 217
Hannukainen Mining Oy, 220, 222, 224
Harsprånget, 242
Herding (of reindeer), 21, 43, 45, 109–112, 115, 117–119, 127–131, 133–134, 136–137, 206–207, 217–221, 231, 235, 251
Heritage, 17, 22, 75, 126, 178, 194, 196, 202, 206–225, 235–236, 241
cultural, 167, 186, 190, 193, 196, 198, 200, 206, 219, 233–234, 237, 244, 259
for the future, 206–225
industrial, 207, 242
protection, 202, 242
Heritage making, 206–207, 211, 213–215, 223, 225
Heritagization, 207, 222, 229, 241–242
Hifab, 198
Higgins, P., 20
Hinterland, 16, 44, 47, 50, 254, 271
Hiorthhamn, 195
Historic buildings, 233–234, 242
Hobson, J. A., 39
Holocene, 3, 23
Housing stock, 134, 232–234
Hubbert, M. K., 57
Human culture, 169
Hunting, 4, 15, 41, 55, 81, 175, 221, 231, 238, 244, 259, 268
Hydroelectric power, 40, 47, 237
Hydropower, 132
Hydrosphere, 16
IA. See Impact assessment
Iceland, 11, 16
renewable energy production, 12
tourism sector in, 52–53
Iceland, 11
IEA. See International Energy Agency
Imagination, 161, 166, 170–171
geo-political, 7
Impact assessment (IA), 21, 53, 98, 104, 118, 137
community-based, 214
environmental, 53, 55, 98, 127, 129–132, 136–137, 146, 150, 153, 155, 198, 212, 214
social, 53, 97
Imperialism, 47, 129, 134
In the Tube (Benson), 171
India, 12
coal mining, 9
Indigenous, 8, 10–11, 18, 21–22, 36, 39, 44, 48, 71, 73, 79, 91, 92–94, 97, 111, 206–207, 214, 231, 237, 239–241, 243, 254, 260, 269, 271
(peoples), 11, 37, 43–44, 69, 89, 103, 214, 241, 243, 258, 260
business development organization, 57
communities, 12, 37, 50, 71, 125–126, 239–240, 269–271
economies, 15
groups, 17, 36, 56, 79, 91
labor, 42
language, 260
languages, 18
metals, 37
ownership, 52
rights, xvii, 15, 97
settlements, 70
territories, 40
Industrial
capitalism, 14
colonialism, 39
development, 45, 55, 61, 66, 90, 111, 113, 116, 118–119, 125, 128, 133, 147, 219
growth, 230
heritage, 207, 242
Revolution, 35
Industrialisation, 115–116, 169, 171, 174, 195, 209, 242
Inequality, 19, 91, 93
Infrastructure, 8–9, 18, 36–37, 40, 42–44, 67–68, 74–75, 80, 96, 98, 103, 109, 111, 116–118, 126, 129, 131, 133–135, 169, 174, 177, 185, 191–193, 195–196, 218, 231, 238, 242–243, 271
of enactment, 170
Inner colonization, 258
Innu, 237–239, 241, 243–244
Internal colonialism, 44
International Energy Agency (IEA), 57
Inuit, 37, 69, 260
Inuit Ataqatigiit, 70
IOC/the Iron Ore Company of Canada, 236, 238–239, 241–243
Iron, 3–4, 11, 13, 40, 69–70, 110–111, 169, 190, 216, 235, 238
Age, 8, 169
ore, 61, 66, 169, 216, 230–231, 235, 270
ore deposits, 230, 236
ore mining, 53, 69–70, 125, 195, 230–231
ore prices, 238
Kåfjord mine, Finnmark county, 45
Kapp Amsterdam
deep water quay and loading crane at, 194
Karratha, in Western Australia, 69
Kawawachikamach, 237
Kedkevare, 44
Negotiating the Arctic
The Construction of an International Region, 267
Politics of Arctic Resources, The, 267
Keskitalo, C., 267
Kirkenes, 46, 69
Kirkkopahta, 219
Kiruna, 40, 95, 97–98, 129, 195, 230–231, 236, 241–242, 244
coping with crisis, 232–234
mining boom
post-extraction future visions during, 234–236
Kiruna municipality, 231–234, 242
Klein, N., 5, 22
Kola Peninsula, 41
Kolari municipality, 207, 216, 217, 218–219, 221–222, 224
Kolyma
gold mines, 41
Kuannersuit project
public consultation meeting, 150–151
Kuannersuit project, the, 145–146, 150, 153, 158
Kvanefjeld project, 54, 70, 150, See also Kuannersuit project, the
Kvanefjeld project, the, 54
Lauterpacht, H., 20
Laver, 207, 222–224, 242
afterlife, 210–212
re-birth, 213, 265
rise and fall of, 210
rise and fall of mining, 208
Lead, 41–42
Legacies, 37, 42–43, 55–58, 207, 219, 221, 229–244
Legitimacy, 89, 155–158
democratic, 148
Lemkin, R., 20
Liberal democracy, 151
Liquid modernity, 9
Lithium, 4, 7
Lithosphere, 16
Livelihood, xviii–xix, 11, 18, 21, 42, 48, 50, 54, 67–68, 91, 92–94, 97, 100–101, 103, 110, 115–116, 118–119, 125, 128, 206, 218–219, 221, 232, 253–254, 256, 259, 261, 269
Local development, 90, 132, 233, 235, 269
Locke, J., 39
London Mining, 70
Longyearbyen, 72–74, 76, 81, 192
Lopez, B., 70
Lord of the Rings, The (Tolkien), 176
Loussavaara Kiirunavaara Aktiebolag (LKAB), 129, 131, 231–235, 237, 242–243
Luleå, 40
Lunckefjell, 186, 188
Magic, 174–177
Mair, J., 145, 146, 149, 155
Malmberget, 40, 195
Manhattan Project, 56
Manufacturing, 68
Marcellus Shale region, in Appalachians, 68
Marx, K., 39
Material impacts of extractivism, 40–43
Matimekush, 237, 239
Meahcci (Sámi), 252, 257–258, 260
Mercantilism, 47
Messaure, 242
Metals, xvii–xviii, 3–4, 23, 46, 89, 96, 103, 125, 132, 135, 158, 168–169, 174, 178, 185, 187, 189, 198–199, 201, 207, 209, 223, 234
heavy, 224
leakage, 198
Migration, 97, 111, 114, 129, 131, 231, 251, 258
forced, 258, 268
out-migration, 97–98, 235
Militarization, 11
Mindscapes, 22
Mineral Act, 215
Mineral Resources Act (Greenland), 146
Minerals, xvii, 3–6, 9, 11–12, 14, 16–17, 19, 21, 23, 36–38, 41, 43, 47, 51–54, 56–57, 66–67, 71, 77, 80, 110, 118–119, 125, 127, 132–133, 135, 156–157, 160, 168–170, 177, 206, 209, 212, 252, 257–258, 265, 267, 270–271
rare earth, 3, 18, 36, 235, 270
Minerals Act (Greenland), 151, 155
Miners, 8, 71, 73, 75–76, 134, 170, 209
Mines, 3, 42, 54, 119, 131, 174, 186, 207, 209, 217, 231
re-purposing, 20, 22, 166, 185, 193, 229
re-use, 192, 242
underground mine, 166–167, 170–171, 209, 216–217, 231
zombie, 187
Mining, xvii, 4, 8–9, 11, 40, 45, 54, 66–81, 89, 109, 125, 146, 160–161, 174, 176, 185–202, 207, 209, 216–217, 229–232, 235, 237, 239–244, 251–261, 270
coal, 9, 73–74
deep sea, 7
planetary, 8–9
undermining, 6–8
Mining boom, 43, 74, 132, 195, 206, 234–235, 238, 241
post-extraction future visions during, 234–236, 238–241
mining crisis, 230–231
Mining history, 191, 207, 216, 222, 235
Mining landscapes, 185–202
extracted places with contested futures, 199–201
Nautanen, Norrbotten, 195–199
previous research on environmental remediation, 187–190
Sveagruva-Lunckefjell, Svalbard, 190–195
Mining project, Greenland, 12, 54, 147
Mining settlement, 41, 68, 96, 191–192, 194, 201, 207, 209, 210, 215, 241–242
Mining town, 45, 47, 68–69, 71–72, 96, 98, 102, 112, 166, 190–191, 193, 195, 209, 225, 229–244
Ministry of Mineral Resources (Greenland), 153
Mo i Rana, 46
Momentum, 159, 241, 244
Money, 151, 175, 233
Monumental (monuments), 251–252
Multiple pressures, 21, 58, 118, 128, 137, 259, 269
Municipality, 54, 98, 111, 127–128, 133–134, 136, 201, 216, 218–222, 233–234, 236, 241–242, 244
Älvsbyn, 213, 215
Gällivare, 196, 198–199, 201–202
Kiruna, 232–233, 242
Kolari, 207, 216, 217, 218–219, 221, 224
Kujalleq, 53–54
Pajala, 216
Muonio Reindeer Herding Cooperative (RHC Paliskunta), 219
Naess, A., 20
NANA Regional Corporation, 52
Nanisivik, 242
Nanulaq gold mine, Nanortalik, 54
Narratives, 10, 36, 39, 55, 74, 76, 90–91, 92–94, 95, 97–99, 145, 148, 157–158, 171, 174, 206–207, 211–212, 214–215, 221–225
historical, 224
Narsaq, 70, 95
Narvik, 40
National Heritage Board of Sweden, 211
National interests, 97, 127, 237, 271
NATO, 72
Nature conservation, 132, 219
Nautanen, 186–187, 199–202, 242
Nautanen Kopparfält AB, 196
Nautanen, Norrbotten, 195–199, 197–198
Nautanens Kopparfält AB, 195
Negative methodology, 261
Neoliberal globalization theory, 55
Neolithic, 169
New Arctic, The, 266
New North: Our World in 2050, The (Smith), 265
Nickel, 119, 132, 270
Nikel, 71
Nordic welfare modernism, 48
Norrbotten County Administrative Board, 196, 201, 211–212, 223, 233
Norsk Polarinstitutt, 192
North, 17, 19, 22, 39, 44, 47, 49, 56, 58, 70–71, 76, 97–98, 166, 178, 209, 220, 222, 230–231, 237, 254, 258, 267–268
North America, 3, 43, 48, 234
location map of, 51
North Atlantic, 48
Northern Exploration Company, 13
Northern Fennoscandia
location map of, 208
Northern Norway
location map of, 255
Northern Sea Route, 17
Northern slope (Alaska), 17
Northland Resources S.A., 207, 218
Northward course of empire (Stefansson), 40
Norway, 9, 11–12, 16, 22, 40, 44, 47, 56–57, 73, 190, 254
boomtowns, 69
extractivist trajectories, 9
oil extraction, 20
policy on climate change, 200
tourism, 72
Norwegian Storting, 191
Norwegianization, 46
Nuuk, 70
Ny-Ålesund, 72, 80
Oil, 4–5, 8, 11–12, 15, 17, 20, 36, 43, 47, 50, 55, 67, 70–71, 73, 76–77, 192, 230, 266–267, 271
crisis of 1973, 230
drilling, 19, 80
peak, 38
production, 71
shale, 68
Oil and gas, xvii
Open pit mine, 70, 207, 209, 211–212, 216
Open pit mining, 7
Otherness, 170, 178
Outokumpu Oy, 207
Overheating, 6–8, 57
Overheating (Hylland Eriksen), 7
Ownership, 78
Arctic, 256–257
fluid, 256
Pajala municipality, 216
Pakasaivo, 219
Palaeolithic, 169
Upper, 169
Pallas-Ounastunturi National Park, 218
Palme, O., 20
Paradox of distance, 253–256
Paris agreement (2015), 266
Paris climate accord, 10, 16
Participatory process, 22, 129
Participatory setting, 104
Participatory scenario exercises, 95, 103
Path dependency, 16, 18–22, 99, 103, 266–267, 269, 271
PDAC. See Prospectors & Developers Association of Canada 2001 Convention
Peak oil, 38
Petition, 217, 220
Petrov, A., 51
Pite Älvräddare, 215
Pite river, 212, 215
Piteå, 215
Planetarization of extraction, 10
Planetary boundaries, transgression of, 16
mine, 3, 9–10, 14, 19, 22, 55, 185–186
mining, 8–9
or earth system governance, 10
Planetization, 10
Planscapes, 259
Pleistocene Mammoth Park, Yamal region, Siberia, 41
Poland, 3
coal mining, 9
Politics of Arctic Resources, The (Keskitalo), 267
Pomor trade, 253
Popular culture, 167, 178
Population decrease, 232
Post-extractivism, 22
Post-industrial transition, 229
Power, 11, 15, 17, 19, 22, 38, 43, 48, 50, 67, 70, 77, 80–81, 93, 95–97, 111, 117, 119, 129, 146, 149, 152, 156, 167, 169, 174–175, 177–178, 194, 200, 230, 235, 242, 255–256, 260
hydroelectric, 237
hydropower, 132
wind, 21
Practices, atmospheric, 149
Preservation, 35, 186, 201, 219, 233–234, 237
Primitive accumulation, 40
Pro Ylläs, 220
Prospecting, xvii, 12, 15, 22, 168, 177, 185, 193, 206, 209, 234–235, 267
Prospectors & Developers Association of Canada (PDAC) 2001 Covention, 57, 156, 157
Prudhoe Bay oil field, 70
Pyhäsalmi mine, 171
Pyramiden, 72
Qaanaaq, 268
Quartzite, 251, 259
Quebec
boomtowns, 69
Queensland, 68
Quirrh Mountains, 7
Race, 40, 44, 57, 258
Racism. generalized, 48
Rákkonjárga, 251
Rare earth elements, 3, 57
Rare earth minerals, 3, 18, 36, 235, 270
Rautaruukki Oy, 207, 216–217
Rautuvaara, 216–217, 219–220
Reconciliation, 251–261
Reconciliation agreement, 241
Red Dog zinc mine, Alaska, 52
Re-economization, 244
Re-industrialization, 207
Remains, 8, 15–16, 19, 22, 36, 43, 52–53, 55, 57–58, 72, 81, 98, 110, 134, 152, 170, 185, 187, 190, 192–194, 196, 198, 199–200, 202, 206–207, 210–211, 213–215, 221–224, 235, 239, 251, 253, 259, 261, 266–268, 271
Remoteness, 40, 55, 57, 167, 254–256
Renewable energy, xvii–xviii, 15, 36, 57, 74, 118–119, 135, 253, 257, 269, 271
infrastructure, 36
Repair, 251–261
Repparfjord, 259
Re-purposing, 20, 22, 166, 185, 193, 229
Resource
Arctic, 41, 92, 96
colonialism, 17, 48
curse, 5, 50
development, 50
economy, 50
exploitation, 44, 76, 112, 120, 125, 129, 137
extraction, xvii, xix, 4–8, 10–11, 14, 17–19, 21, 35–38, 40, 43–44, 47–48, 50, 52, 55, 57, 67, 74, 91, 92–94, 109, 119, 125–126, 134, 176, 252–253, 266–267, 269
affective in mining analysis, significance of, 160–161
affective life at citizens’ meeting, organizing, 151–155
disciplining of voices, 158–160
emotions in, 146
facts, 145–147
Kuannersuit project, 150–151
regional investments in, 50
timer and legitimacy, 155–158
translocal fieldwork site, 149–150
extractivism, 9, 17, 21, 253, 258, 269
frontier, 47
nationalism, 12, 48
natural, 4–5, 10–11, 15, 35, 39, 48–49, 53, 57, 75, 77–78, 89, 98, 109–110, 115, 266–267
Resource-based economies, 49
“Resource curse” phenomenon, 50
Re-use, 192, 242
Revenue sharing, xviii, 12
Rewilding, 186, 189
River Saviours, 224
Rome Statute, 20
Rosenwein, B., 148
Russia, 11–12, 16–17, 35, 41, 44, 48, 50, 58, 73, 190, 195, 254, 258
extractivist trajectories, 12
fossil fuel and mineral extraction, 57
mining in, 71
Sacrifice zone, 5–6, 174
Saint John’s Arms (Hannunvaakuna), 220
Sámi, 21, 37, 40, 44, 111, 114, 116, 208–209, 212, 214–215, 222, 224, 231–232, 252, 254, 257–258, 260, 269
heritage sites, 219
land rights, 215
pan-Nordic, 269
reindeer herding, 21, 45
Sámi culture, 46, 110–111, 115, 135
Sápmi, 114, 254, 258
Sara, M. N., 259
Sartre, J.-P., 69
Scales, shifting, 256–258
Scandinavia, 37, 50
Scandinavian Arctic, 41
Scenarios, 21, 89–91, 98–99, 103–104, 119, 125, 131, 235
Schefferville, 69, 98, 230–231, 239, 241–242, 244
closure of, 238
creation of, 236–237
Mining boom
post-extraction future visions during, 239–240
SDGs. See Sustainable Development Goals
Sea floor ploughing, 7
Sea ice, xvii, 7, 14, 42–43, 99, 265
Sealing, 11
Second World War, 43, 56, 73, 116, 132, 191, 210, 231, 236, 258
Securitization, 11
Semisjaur Njarg Sámi reindeer herding community (RHC), 209, 212, 214–215
Server halls, 21
Settler communities, xviii, 44, 56, 269
Shale oil, 68
Shared socio-economic pathways, 95
SIA. See Social impact assessment
Siida, 251, 254, 257, 259–260
Siida (Sámi), 251, 254, 257, 259–260
Silbojokk, 44
Simonsen, K., 149
SNSK. See Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani A/S
Social
capital, 50
impact assessment (SIA), 53, 97
impacts, 17, 35, 89, 125–126, 129, 132–133, 135–136, 175
licencing, 50
resistance, 206
Socio-economic, 36, 49, 67, 125, 133
Socio-technical system, 99, 103, 185, 195, 206, 229–230, 243–244
Solar energy, 17, 96, 169
Sør-Varanger, 46
South America
steel crisis, 230
Soviet Union/USSR, 11, 40–41, 73, 195
Spaces of flows, 9
Species extinction, 11
Speech act, 149
Spitsbergen, 12, 13
Stakeholders, 22, 58, 67, 77, 91, 129, 133–134, 136, 147, 221, 257
Stalin, J.
Five Year Plans, 41
Steward of Creation, Man as, 38
Steel, 4
production, 230
Steel crisis, 230, 232, 242
Store Norske, 193
Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani, 188
Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani (SNSK), 191
Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani A/S (SNSK), 191–192, 195, 199–200
Strangeness, 170
Stratigraphic signals, 7–8
Subterranean, 3, 22, 43, 166–172, 176, 178
Subterranean otherworldliness, 170
Sulitjelma, 46
Sulitjelma copper mine, Nordland, 45
Sulphur, 11, 224
Supernatural, 167, 169, 171–172, 174, 176–178
Sustainability, xvii–xviii, 15, 18, 21, 36, 49, 58, 67, 89, 91, 92–94, 103, 133–134, 136, 185, 190, 202, 223, 229–230, 236, 241–242, 268–269, 271
Sustainable, 5
Sustainable development, xviii, 49, 89–91, 104, 268–269
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 10, 16, 20, 57, 266, 270
Svalbard, 11–12, 20–22, 46, 49, 57, 186–187, 188
Arctic extractivism in, 69–72
extractive boomtown, 68–69, 81
location map of, 72
policy, 200
Svalbard Environmental Act, 79, 191
Svalbard Environmental Protection Act, 79, 193
Sveagruva, 72, 186, 188
Sveagruva/Svea mine, Svalbard, Norway, 72, 186–188, 190–195, 199, 201
Sveagruva-Lunckefjell, Svalbard, 190–193, 192, 199–200
environmental reemediation of, 193–195
Sveaskog, 199, 201
Svenningsen, K., 151
Sweden, 17, 22, 44, 49, 56, 97, 98, 125, 190, 230–231, 233, 241–242, 254
extractivism, 40
Nasafjäll mining case, 44, 46
National Heritage Board, 211
Swedish Arctic, 47, 242
Environmental Code, the, 196
Environmental Protection Agency, 196, 201
Society for Nature Conservation, 215
Syltefjord, 251
Systems dynamics, 103
Tapojärvi, 219
Tapojärvi Oy, 220
Tata Steel, 238–240, 242
Technology, 3–4, 12, 18, 37, 40, 42, 47, 49, 53, 55, 70, 73–74, 95, 98, 103, 170–172, 174, 177, 186, 192, 198, 223, 267
Techno-paganism, 174
Teck Resources, 52
Temporality, 152, 157, 159, 161
Terraforming, 6–8
Third World War, 20
This Changes Everything Capitalism vs. the Climate (Klein), 5
Time-space compression, 9
Tolkien, J. R. R.,
Lord of the Rings, The, 171, 176
Torne River Valley, 44
Tornedalians, 231–232
Tourism, 5, 15, 18–22, 36, 38, 41, 52–54, 58, 67, 72, 74–78, 80, 91, 94, 96–99, 111–112, 129, 192–193, 200–201, 217–220, 222, 235, 243, 256, 265, 270
dog sledding, 20
sector, in Iceland, 52–53
Toxic legacies, 187, 200, 212, 243
Toxic waste, 186–187, 196, 201, 211, 224
Traces, 15, 77, 80, 186, 191, 193, 196, 219, 261
Transformation, 14, 17, 19–20, 22, 36–37, 39–41, 58, 93, 103, 161, 169, 186–187, 191, 193, 231, 233, 235, 241, 252, 261, 268
Translocal fieldwork site, 149–150
Trump, D., 20, 57
Trust Arktikugol, 195
Tsing, A., 175
UN. See United Nations
UNCLOS, 267
Underground mine, 166–167, 170–171, 209, 216–217, 231
Undermining, 6–8
United Nations (UN)
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 10, 16, 20, 266, 270
United States (USA), 12, 16–17, 57, 190
boomtown syndrome, 68
decrepit mining towns, 68
oil drilling, 20
steel making process, 243
Thule Air Base, 268
United States Geological Survey (USGS), 17
Upper Palaeolithic, 169
Ural Mountains, 7
Uranium, 43, 53–54, 56, 70, 145, 150, 154, 271
USA. See United States
USGS. See United States Geological Survey
Values
heritage, 207, 237
societal, 39, 207, 219
Varanger peninsula, 251, 252, 255–257, 259
Virgin lands, 16
Waste, 74, 116, 153, 166–167, 174–175, 185, 187, 189, 196, 198–199, 201, 209–212, 217, 223–224, 229
Wastelanding, 37
Water energy, 169
Water pollution, 42
Water quality monitoring, 199
Weltanschauung, 10
Wetherell, M., 149
Whaling, 11–12, 69, 80–81
White Paper, the, 74, 147
White supremacy, 48
White Wall, 166–167
Wind energy, 17, 169, 243
Wind power, 21, 119, 235
Winter pastures, 112, 131, 252
Ylläs ilman kaivoksia, 220
Young, O., 266, 268
Yukon Territory
gold rushes in, 4, 41
post-staple downturns in frontier economy, 51–52
Zinc, 41–42, 52, 171, 198, 211
Zombie mines, 187

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  • Index
  • Edited by Sverker Sörlin, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm
  • Book: Resource Extraction and Arctic Communities
  • Online publication: 08 December 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009110044.021
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  • Index
  • Edited by Sverker Sörlin, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm
  • Book: Resource Extraction and Arctic Communities
  • Online publication: 08 December 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009110044.021
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  • Index
  • Edited by Sverker Sörlin, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm
  • Book: Resource Extraction and Arctic Communities
  • Online publication: 08 December 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009110044.021
Available formats
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