Figures
1.1Hồ Chí Minh at his writing desk, probably in Tonkin c. 1950. A picture of Soviet leaders Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin hangs on the wall behind him
2.1The governor-general of French Indochina, Albert Sarraut, with Emperor Khai Dinh of Annam (April 1918)
2.2A Franco-Annamite school in Đồng Khê (Upper Tonkin) in 1902
3.1Hồ Chí Minh, the president of the Democratic Republic of North Vietnam, in his office at the Presidential Palace in Hanoi (May 27, 1955)
4.1A recruitment poster calling on Vietnamese to join the Japanese army
4.2A Japanese propaganda poster from Japanese-Vichy Indochina. It reads: “The Result of Japanese-French-Indochinese Collaboration” (c. 1942)
5.2Vietnamese Communist political leader and theoretician Trường Chinh (1907–1988)
6.1Hồ Chí Minh proclaims the independence of Vietnam in Hanoi (September 2, 1945)
7.1Representatives of the Associated States of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam sign treaties with France that would give economic, financial, and monetary independence to the Indochinese states (December 31, 1954)
8.1Hồ Chí Minh with Zhou Enlai (1898–1976), prime minister of the People’s Republic of China, during a visit by Zhou to Hanoi (1960)
9.1Bảo Đại, emperor of Annam, and ethnic minority leaders in Indochina (c. 1930s)
9.2The former Vietnamese emperor Bảo Đại (standing) reads a speech at an oath-swearing ceremony attended by members of several Highlander minority groups in the city of Ban Mê Thuột in June 1949. Leon Pignon, the High Commissioner of Indochina, is seated in front of Bảo Đại. The ceremony aimed to seal the incorporation of the Central Highlands region into the newly created State of Vietnam, which Bảo Đại led as chief of state.
10.1General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, French Commander during the French Indochina War
12.1Peace talks that led to the signing of the Geneva Accords (July 1954)
13.1Dwight D. Eisenhower shaking hands with Ngô Đình Diệm (1957)
14.1Ngô Đình Diệm proclaiming the establishment of the Republic of Vietnam with himself as its first president. Diệm spoke three days after the referendum in which he defeated the ex-emperor Bảo Đại (October 26, 1955)
15.1Aerial view of a tent city set up for refugees from North Vietnam in Saigon (October 16, 1954)
16.1Three People’s Army of Vietnam soldiers supervise women carrying yokes after the French turned control of Hanoi over to the DRVN in accordance with the peace agreement reached at Geneva (1954)
17.1Lao and Vietnamese porters carrying supplies south along the Hồ Chí Minh Trail to resupply the insurgency in the South (c. 1963)
18.1Royal Lao soldiers prepare a mortar gun to try to stop the advance of communist forces (April 1961)
19.1Fighters serving in the armed wing of the National Liberation Front (NLF) on patrol in South Vietnam in March 1966
20.1John F. Kennedy meeting with Nguyễn Đình Thuận, Chief Cabinet Minister to President Ngô Đình Diệm of South Vietnam. Thuận delivered a letter from Diệm regarding the communist threat to his country (June 14, 1961)
