Figures
1.1Share of R&D (measured by GERD) in GDP by income group of countries, 2000–16
1.2Share of public sector in total R&D, high- and middle-income economies
1.3Share of basic research conducted by the public sector for 2017 or latest available year, as a percentage of all national expenditures for basic research
1.4R&D intensity (GERD as a percentage of GDP), case study countries
1.5Share of GERD financed by the government, case study countries
2.1Knowledge transfer channels between the public research sector and businesses
3.1Public research institute and university PCT applications, absolute numbers (left) and as a percentage of total PCT applications (right), 1995–2016
3.2Trend and share in university and public research institute patent families worldwide, 1995–2014
3.3Trend in university and public research institute foreign-oriented patent families worldwide and share of total, 1995–2013
3.4Share of university and public research institute PCT filings for top ten origins in 2007 and 2016
3.5University and public research institute PCT filings originating from middle-income countries as a share of total university and public research institute PCT filings
3.6Increase in university and public research institute filings by high- and middle-income groups
3.7University and public research institute patenting by leading origin countries
3.8The trend over the past decade in PCT filings for selected origins
3.9University and public research institute PCT filings in middle-income countries
3.10University and public research institute patent filings using PATSTAT data
3.11University and public research institute patent filings for middle-income countries
3.12University and public research institute patent applications as a share of total applications for selected countries (%), 1980–2013
3.13Distribution of PCT applications by technology sector, 2007–16
3.14Share of PCT applications for the top three fields of technology, 2016
3.15Shares of leading technology sectors in PCT applications filed by the top five universities
3.16Top three technology fields for selected universities and public research institutes, 2010–13
3.17The share of the business sector in total PCT applications from selected origins
3.18Nonresident university and public research institute patent applications for selected patent offices, 2006–15
3.19Share of nonresident university and public research institute patent applications for selected offices, 2006–15
3.20Patent applications filed abroad by universities and public research institutes for selected origins, 2006–15
3.21Share of patent applications filed abroad by type of applicant, selected origins, 2006–15
4.1Cumulative number of degree-awarding institutions active since 1900
4.3Cumulative number of public sector research establishments active since 1950
4.4Shares of university and PSRE staff involved in different types of knowledge transfer activity
5.1Number of students at different types of HE college in Germany
5.3KTT missions and activities of different institutions in German public science
5.4Patenting in Germany before and after the abolition of professor’s privilege
5.5Trends in German patenting for university and public research institute researchers (“within” transformed), 1995–2008
8.1Share of total R&D expenditures by enterprises, public research institutes, and universities in China, 2000–16
8.3Domestic invention patent applications by different types of organization, 1995–2016
8.4Number of patent transfers and licenses by universities, 2010–16
8.5Value of patent ownership transfers and licenses by universities, 2010–16 (million CNY)
8.6Total annual knowledge transfer agreements by universities, 2008–14
8.7Total annual value of knowledge transfer agreements by universities, 2008–14 (million CNY)
11.2The public research ecosystem in middle-income economies
11.3Five questions to guide policy toward knowledge exchange from universities
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