Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T01:52:09.120Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Corporatism, Pluralism, and Professional Memory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 June 2011

G. A. Almond
Affiliation:
Stanford University
Get access

Abstract

Organizing interests in Western Europe is part of the third wave of interest group studies to appear since the development of professional political science at the turn of the century. The first wave was mainly an American phenomenon; the second an effort to export interest group studies to Europe and elsewhere as part of a movement intended to encourage greater realism and less ideologism in European and comparative political studies. The Organizing Interests team has produced a useful book focused in substantial part on the theme of neocorporatism. The authors have not connected their work with the substantial body of earlier interest group research.

Type
Review Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Trustees of Princeton University 1983

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Bentley, , The Process of Government (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1908).Google Scholar

2 Pollock, James K., “Regulation of Lobbying,” American Political Science Review, XXI (May 1927), 335–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Odegard, Peter H., Pressure Politics: The Story of the Anti-Saloon League (New York: Columbia University Press, 1928)Google Scholar; Pendleton Herring, E., Group Representation Before Congress (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1929)Google Scholar; Herring, , Public Administration and the Public Interest (New York: McGraw Hill, 1936)Google Scholar; Herring, , The Politics of Democracy (New York: Norton, 1940)Google Scholar; Childs, Harwood L., Labor and Capital in National Politics (Columbus: Ohio University Press, 1930)Google Scholar; Schattschneider, E. E., Politics, Pressures, and the Tariff (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1935)Google Scholar; Louise Rutherford, M., The Influence of the American Bar Association on Public Opinion and Legislation (Philadelphia: The Foundation Press, 1937)Google Scholar; Brooks, Robert R.R., When Labor Organizes (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1937)Google Scholar; Zeller, Belle, Pressure Politics in New YorK (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1937)Google Scholar; McKean, Dayton, Pressures on the Legishture of New Jersey (New York: Columbia University Press, 1938)Google Scholar; Garceau, Oliver, The Political Life of the American Medical Association (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1941)Google Scholar; Leiserson, Avery, Administrative Reguhtion: A Study in Representation of Interests (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1942)Google Scholar; Latham, Earl, The Group Basis of Politics (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1952)Google Scholar; Blaisdetl, Donald C., Economic Power and Political Pressures (Washington, D.C.: Temporary National Economic Committee Monograph #26, 1949).Google Scholar

3 Truman, , The Governmental Process (New York: Knopf, 1951).Google Scholar

4 The contributors to this interest group literature included seven presidents of the Amer ican Political Science Association and one president of the International Political Science Association.

5 See, among others, Tocqueville, Alexis de, Democracy in America (New York: Knopf, 1945)Google Scholar, Vol. I, p. 191, Vol. II, p. 106, and throughout; Maitland's, F. W. “Introduction” to his translation of Gierke, Otto, Political Theories of the Middle Ages (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1900)Google Scholar; Cole, G.D.H., Guild Socialism; A Plan for Economic Democracy (London: L. Parsons, 1920)Google Scholar; Duguit, Leon, Traite de droit constitutionnel (Paris: Boccard, 1925), Vol. VGoogle Scholar; Laski, Harold, The Problem of Sovereignty (London: Oxford University Press, 1947)Google Scholar; Durkheim, Emile, Les règles de la méthode sociologique (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1950), 100ff.Google Scholar

6 Banfield, , Moral Basis of a Backward Society (Glencoe, lll.: Free Press, 1958).Google Scholar

7 Beer, , British Politics in the Collectivist Age (New York: Knopf, 1965).Google Scholar

8 Ehrmann, , in Bendix, Reinhard, ed., The State and Society (Boston: Little, Brown, 1968).Google Scholar

9 Lande, , Leaders, Factions and Parties: The Structure of Philippine Politics (New Haven: Yale Southeast Asia Monographs, #6, 1969).Google Scholar

10 LaPalombara, , Interest Groups in Italian Politics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

11 Linz, , in Allardt, Erik and Littunen, Yrjo, eds., Cleavages, Ideologies, and Party Systems (Helsinki: Westermarck Society, 1964).Google Scholar

12 Lipset, , Political Man (New York: Doubleday, 1960).Google Scholar

13 Lorwin, , in Kassalow, E. M., ed., National Labor Movements in the Post-War World (Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 1963).Google Scholar

14 Riggs, , in Sutton, Joseph L., ed., Problems of Politics and Administration in Thailand (Bloomington, Ind.: Institute of Training for the Public Service, 1962).Google Scholar

15 Weiner, , The Politics of Scarcity: Public Pressure and Political Response in India (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1962).Google Scholar

16 Ehrmann, , Interest Groups on Four Continents (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958).Google Scholar

17 Ehrmann, Henry, Organized Business in France (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957)Google Scholar; LaPalombara, Joseph, The Italian Labor Movement (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1957)Google Scholar; Meynaud, Jean, Les groupes de pression en France (Paris: Librairie Armand Colin, 1958)Google Scholar; MacKenzie, W.J.M., “Pressure Groups: The Conceptual Framework,” Political Studies, III (No. 3, 1955), 247ff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Finer, Samuel, Anonymous Empire: A Study of the Lobby in Great Britain (London: Pall Mall Press, 1958)Google Scholar; Eckstein, Harry, Pressure Group Politics: The Case of the British Medical Association (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1960)Google Scholar; Wootton, Graham, The Politics of Influence: British Ex-Servicemen, Cabinet Decisions and Cultural Change, 1917–1957 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1963)Google Scholar; Kaiser, Joseph H., Die Repräsentation organisierter Interessen (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1956).Google Scholar

18 Lehmbruch, , “Consociational Democracy, Class Conflict, and the New Corporatism,” IPSA Round Table (September 1974)Google Scholar; Pahl, and Winkler, , “The Coming Corporatism,” New Society, XXX (October 10, 1974), 72ff.Google Scholar; Schmitter, , “Still the Century of Corporatism?,” Review of Politics, XXXVI (January, 1974), 85ff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

19 Schmitter, and Lehmbruch, , Trends Toward Corporatist Intermediation (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1979).Google Scholar

20 Ibid., 13.

21 Wilensky, , “Leftism, Catholicism, and Democratic Corporatism: The Role of Political Parties in Recent Welfare State Development,” in Flora, Peter and Heidenheimer, Arnold, The Development of Welfare States in Europe and America (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1981), 345ff.Google Scholar

22 Schmitter and Lehmbruch (fn. 19), 15ff.

23 Kvavik, , Interest Groups in Norwegian Politics (Oslo, Universitetsforlaget, 1976), 20ff.Google Scholar

24 Wilensky (fn. 21).

25 Lange, , “The Conjunctural Conditions for Consensual Wage Regulations; An Initial Examination of Some Hypotheses,” paper presented at meeting of the American Political Science Association, New York, September 1981.Google Scholar

26 See, for example, Beer (fn. 7), chaps. 1 and 2, p. 330; Rokkan, , “Numerical Democracy and Corporate Pluralism,” in Dahl, Robert A., ed., Political Oppositions in Western Democracies (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966)Google Scholar, chap. 4; LaPalombara (fn. 10), 227–;31, 383–84; Ehrmann (fn. 17), part 1; Linz (fn. 11), 270.

27 See, among others, Truman, David B., “Political Group Analysis,” in Sills, David, International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (New York: Macmillan, 1968), XII, 241ff.Google Scholar; Henry Kariei, “Pluralism,” ibid., 164ff.; Henry Ehrmann, “Interest Groups,” ibid., VII, 486ff.; David Greenstone, J., “Group Theories,” in Greenstein, Fred and Polsby, Nelson, Handbook of Political Science (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1975), II, 243318Google Scholar; and Robert H. Salisbury, “Interest Groups,” ibid., IV, 171–228.

28 Herring (fn. 1, 1940), chap. 29; Truman (fn. 3), chap. 16, esp. 522ff.; Dahl (fn. 26), 367ff., and Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971), chap. 6; LaPalombara (fn. 17), chap. 1; LaPalombara (fn. 10), 42ff. and 394ff.; Ehrmann (fn. 17), chap. 9.

29 See, among others, Nie, Norman H., Bingham Powell, G., and Prewitt, Kenneth, “Social Structure and Political Participation,” American Political Science Review, Vol. 63 (June and December, 1969), 361–78, 808–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Verba, Sidney and Nie, Norman H., Participation in America: Political Democracy and Social Equality (New York: Harper & Row, 1972)Google Scholar; Verba, Sidney, Nie, Norman H., and Kim, Jae-on, Participation and Political Equality (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1978)Google Scholar, chap. 14; Schlozman, Kay L. and Verba, Sidney, Injury to insult: Unemployment, Chss, and Political Response (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979).Google Scholar

30 See, for example, Truman (fn. 3), 56ff., on interest groups and government; on varieties of interest groups, pp. 63ff.; and on the origins of interest groups and government, pp. 74ff. Also, LaPalombara (fn. 17), on the effect of war and revolution on the trade union movement; Ehrmann (fn. 17), on the impact of war and fascism on French business organization.

31 For emphasis on the importance of historical experience in the formation of interest groups, see particularly the first chapters of Beer (fn. 7), Ehrmann (fn. 17), and LaPalombara (fn. 10). Also, Almond, Gabriel A. and Bingham Powell, G., Comparative Politics: A Developmental Approach (Boston: Little, Brown, 1966), 314ff.Google Scholar

32 LaPalombara (fn. 10), 161ff.

33 Beer (fn. 7), chap. 4 and throughout.

34 Weiner (fn. 15), chap. 2.

35 Childs (fn. 2), chap. 4.

36 Garceau (fn. 2).

37 Truman (fn. 3), chaps. 5, 6, 7.

38 Schmitter, , Interest Conflict and Political Change in Brazil (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1971).Google Scholar

39 Kvavik (fn. 23).

40 See Pendleton Herring, E., “The British Have Lobbies Too,” Virginia Quarterly Review, VI (July 1930), 342ff.Google Scholar