Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T21:09:42.923Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of Cover Crop and Herbicide Treatment on Weed Control and Yield in No-Till Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.) and Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duch.)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Bethany A. Galloway  and
Leslie A. Weston
Bethany A. Galloway
Affiliation:
Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
Leslie A. Weston
Affiliation:
Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Sweet corn and pumpkin were planted no-tillage (NT) into cover crop residue treatments of vetch, rye, crimson clover, and ladino clover controlled with glyphosate, and a bare ground conventional tillage (CT) control. Objectives included evaluation of crop growth, yield, and weed suppression in NT versus CT treatments. Herbicide application was also investigated, with a plus and minus herbicide treatment (alachlor plus cyanazine for sweet corn, or ethalfluralin for pumpkin) as the main factor in the factorial experiment, and cover crops the subfactors. Weed control 4 wk after planting was dependent upon cover crop. The fewest weed numbers and least biomass were found in the ladino clover plots, but clover regrowth and subsequent competition with the cash crop were severe. Herbicides also affected weed biomass at 4 wk after vegetable planting, with least biomass in herbicide-treated plots. Neither cover crop nor herbicide treatment significantly affected weed weight by 8 wk after planting or pumpkin fruit weight at harvest. Pumpkin yield was not influenced by herbicide application. The vetch cover, although harboring greatest weed biomass, produced the greatest total yield (ear weight) in sweet corn. When averaged over cover crop, sweet corn yields were higher in herbicide-treated plots than in untreated ones. Both sweet corn and pumpkin maturity were generally delayed in the absence of herbicide treatments or in the presence of cover crop residues, especially clover and rye residues.

Keywords

Alachlor, 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamidecyanazine, 2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropanenitrileethalfluralin, N-ethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamineglyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycinecrimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L.ladino clover, Trifolium repens L.pumpkin, Cucurbita maxima Duch. Ex Lam.rye, Secale cereale L.sweet corn, Zea mays L.bigflower vetch, Vicia grandiflora Scophairy vetch, Vicia villosa RothAlternative weed controlcover cropsno-till vegetables
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 10 , Issue 2 , June 1996 , pp. 341 - 346
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Abdul-Baki, A. A., and Teasdale, J. R. 1993. A no-tillage tomato production system using hairy vetch and subterranean clover mulches. HortScience. 28:106–108.Google Scholar
2. Clark, A. J., Decker, M., and Meisinger, J. J. 1994. Seeding rate and kill date effects on hairy vetch-cereal rye cover crop mixtures for corn production. Agron. J. 86:1065–1070.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Commercial Vegetable Crop Recommendations. 1994. Coop. Ext. Serv. Publ. ID-36. Univ. of Kentucky Coll. of Agric. 110 p.Google Scholar
4. Fischer, A., and Burrill, L. 1993. Managing interference in a sweet corn-white clover living mulch system. Am. J. Altern. Agric. 8:51–56.Google Scholar
5. Johnson, G. A., Defelice, M. S., and Helsel, Z. R. 1993. Cover crop management and weed control in corn. Weed Technol. 7:425–430.Google Scholar
6. Knavel, D. E., 1989. Double-cropping fall cabbage by no-tillage and conventional tillage systems. Appl. Agric. Res. 4:270–274.Google Scholar
7. Masiunas, J. B., Weston, L. A., and Weller, S. C. 1995. The impact of rye cover crops on weed populations in tomato cropping system. Weed Sci. 43:318–323.Google Scholar
8. Mohler, C. L., 1991. Effects of tillage and mulch on weed biomass and sweet corn yield. Weed Technol. 5:545–552.Google Scholar
9. Morse, R., and Seward, D. 1984. Cover crops for no-tillage production of cabbage and broccoli. Vegetable Growers News 29(3):1, 4.Google Scholar
10. Myers, J. L., and Wagger, M. G. 1991. Reseeding potential of crimson clover as a cover crop for no-tillage corn. Agron. J. 83:985–991.Google Scholar
11. Nelson, W. A., Kahn, B. A., and Roberts, B. W. 1991. Screening cover crops for use in conservation tillage systems for vegetables following spring plowing. HortScience 26:860–862.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Nesmith, D. S., Hoogenboom, G., and McCracken, D. V. 1994. Summer squash production using conservation tillage. HortScience 29:28–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Putnam, A. R., and DeFrank, J. 1983. Use of phytotoxic plant residues for selective weed control. Crop Prot. 2:173–181.Google Scholar
14. Putnam, A. R., and DeFrank, J. 1979. Use of allelopathic cover crops to inhibit weeds. Science 36:580–582.Google Scholar
15. Rice, E. L., 1984. Allelopathy. Academic Press, New York. 422 p.Google Scholar
16. Riggs, D., 1993. Life without Amiben—Using rye mulches for pumpkin weed control. Suffolk County Agric. News. Jan. 1993:8–9.Google Scholar
17. Skarphol, B. J., Corey, K. A., and Meisinger, J. J. 1987. Response of snap beans to tillage and cover crop combinations. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 112:936–941.Google Scholar
18. Weston, L. A., 1990. Cover crop and herbicide influence on row crop seedling establishment in no-tillage culture. Weed Sci. 38:166–171.Google Scholar
19. White, R. H., Worsham, A. D., and Blum, U. 1989. Allelopathic potential of legume debris and aqueous extracts. Weed Sci. 37:674–679.Google Scholar