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Distribution of herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in row crop production systems in Texas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 May 2019

Russ Garetson ,
Vijay Singh Open the ORCID record for Vijay Singh [Opens in a new window] ,
Shilpa Singh ,
Peter Dotray  and
Muthukumar Bagavathiannan Open the ORCID record for Muthukumar Bagavathiannan [Opens in a new window]
Russ Garetson
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
Vijay Singh
Affiliation:
Assistant Research Scientist, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
Shilpa Singh
Affiliation:
Research Assistant, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
Peter Dotray
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
Muthukumar Bagavathiannan*
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Muthukumar Bagavathiannan, Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

A state-level survey was conducted across major row-crop production regions of Texas to document the level of sensitivity of Palmer amaranth to glyphosate, atrazine, pyrithiobac, tembotrione, fomesafen, and dicamba. Between 137 and 161 Palmer amaranth populations were evaluated for sensitivity to the labelled field rate (1X), and rated as resistant (≤49% injury), less sensitive (50% to 89% injury), or susceptible (90% to 100% injury). For glyphosate, 62%, 19%, 13%, and 13% of the populations from the High Plains, Central Texas, Rio Grande Valley, and Lower Gulf Coast, respectively, were resistant. Resistance to atrazine was more common in Palmer amaranth populations from the High Plains than in other regions, with 16% of the populations resistant and 22% less sensitive. Approximately 90% of the populations from the High Plains that exhibited resistance to atrazine POST also were resistant to atrazine PRE. Of the 160 populations tested for pyrithiobac, approximately 99% were resistant or less sensitive, regardless of the region. No resistance was found to fomesafen, tembotrione, or dicamba. However, 22% of the populations from the High Plains were less sensitive to 1X (93 g ai ha−1) tembotrione, but were killed at 2X, illustrating the background variability in sensitivity to this herbicide. For dicamba, three populations, all from the High Plains, exhibited less sensitivity at the 1X rate (controlled at the 2X rate; 1X = 560 g ae ha−1). One population exhibited multiple resistance to three herbicides with distinct sites of action (SOAs) involving acetolactate synthase, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, and photosystem II inhibitors. Palmer amaranth populations exhibited less sensitivity to approximately 15 combinations of herbicides involving up to five SOAs. Dose-response assays conducted on the populations most resistant to glyphosate, pyrithiobac, or atrazine indicated they were 30-, 32-, or 49-fold or more resistant to these herbicides, respectively, compared with a susceptible standard.

Keywords

AtrazinedicambafomesafenglyphosatepyrithiobactembotrionePalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Watsonmultiple-herbicide resistanceresistance surveysite of actionrecurrent selectiondose response
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 33 , Issue 2 , April 2019 , pp. 355 - 365
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2019 

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