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Multiple ALS Mutations Confer Herbicide Resistance in Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

William L. Patzoldt  and
Patrick J. Tranel
William L. Patzoldt
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
Patrick J. Tranel*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

In a survey of herbicide responses among Illinois waterhemp half-sib populations, several were observed with differential responses to imazethapyr and thifensulfuron, two acetolactate synthase (ALS)–inhibiting herbicides. Plants from two waterhemp populations were verified resistant to imazethapyr, but susceptible to chlorimuron, using a nondestructive leaf-disc assay. Sequencing of the ALS gene revealed that imazethapyr-resistant waterhemp plants from both populations had inferred amino acid substitutions at position 653 of ALS. Depending on the population, the serine at position 653 of ALS was substituted with either asparagine (S653N) or threonine (S653T). Waterhemp lines were derived from each population to create uniformly imidazolinone-resistant (IR) waterhemp biotypes, designated IR-62 and IR-101. ALS-inhibitor responses of each IR biotype were compared with a previously identified ALS inhibitor–resistant biotype with a tryptophan to leucine substitution at position 574 (W574L) and an herbicide-susceptible control. Whole-plant dose–response experiments with waterhemp biotypes containing W574L, S653N, or S653T mutations indicated that each biotype was resistant to imazethapyr, but only the biotype with a W574L mutation was resistant to thifensulfuron. In vitro ALS-activity assays revealed unique patterns of cross-resistance among protein extracts derived from each biotype in response to imazethapyr, thifensulfuron, cloransulam, and pyrithiobac. In conclusion, three different forms of target-site–based resistance to ALS inhibitors have been identified in waterhemp.

Keywords

Chlorimuroncloransulamimazethapyrpyrithiobacthifensulfuroncommon waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauer AMATAtall waterhemp, Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer AMATUAmino acid polymorphismchloroplast transit peptidecross-resistance
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 55 , Issue 5 , October 2007 , pp. 421 - 428
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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