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Fall Cultivation and Fertilization to Reduce Winterhardiness of Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Rodney G. Lym  and
Calvin G. Messersmith
Rodney G. Lym
Affiliation:
Crop and Weed Sci. Dep., North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105
Calvin G. Messersmith
Affiliation:
Crop and Weed Sci. Dep., North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105
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Abstract

Reduced-tillage practices have allowed leafy spurge to infest cropland. The reduction in leafy spurge infestation and winterhardiness by fall tillage, N application, or herbicide treatment was evaluated. Cultivating leafy spurge twice each fall for 3 yr provided complete control. Cultivation followed by N application at 225 kg ha−1 reduced the stand by 85% after 3 yr, whereas N applied alone had little effect. Picloram plus 2,4-D at 0.6 plus 1 kg ha−1 reduced the infestation to 65% of the untreated control after 2 yr but then the infestation declined rapidly to 1% after a third application. Leafy spurge cold tolerance decreased as root depth increased. The GR50 and LT50, the temperatures required to reduce total dry weight and survival, respectively, by 50% varied by root depth and treatment. For example, the LT50 and GR50 for untreated leafy spurge averaged −19 and < −20 C for crowns, respectively, compared to the −16 and −18 C for roots from 0 to 15 cm deep and −13 and −12.5 C for roots from 15 to 30 cm deep. The GR50 and LT50 temperature after 2 yr of treatment was reduced to 0 C by two cultivations in fall or picloram plus 2,4-D. Carbohydrate content was not a good indicator of winterhardiness. Cultivation reduced the leafy spurge root system faster than herbicide treatment especially at the 15- to 30-cm depth.

Keywords

Picloram, 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid2,4-D, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acidleafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L. #3 EPHESFreeze resistanceperennialwinterkillcarbohydratepicloramweedEPHES
Type
Weed Control and Herbicide Technology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 41 , Issue 3 , September 1993 , pp. 441 - 446
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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