Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T22:19:28.015Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Degradation of Dicamba, Picloram, and Four Phenoxy Herbicides in Soils

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

J. D. Altom  and
J. F. Stritzke
J. D. Altom
Affiliation:
Agron. Dep., Okla. State Univ., Stillwater, OK 74704
J. F. Stritzke
Affiliation:
Agron. Dep., Okla. State Univ., Stillwater, OK 74704
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The degradation rates of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], dichlorprop [2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid], 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], silvex [2,(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid], dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid), and picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) were determined in three soils. Herbicide breakdown was proportional to herbicide concentration, so half life of the various herbicides was calculated from linear regression of the logarithm transformed residue data. The average half life for 2,4-D, dichlorprop, silvex, 2,4,5-T, dicamba, and picloram were, respectively, 4 days, 10 days, 17 days, 20 days, 25 days, and greater than 100 days. The rate of degradation of 2,4-D was the same in all three soils, but for the other herbicides it was consistently faster in soil removed from under grass vegetation than from under trees.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 21 , Issue 6 , November 1973 , pp. 556 - 560
Copyright
Copyright © 1973 Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Akamine, E. K. 1951. Persistence of 2,4-D in Hawaiian soils. Bot. Gaz. 112:312–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Alexander, M. and Aleem, M. I. H. 1961. Effect of chemical structure on microbial decomposition of aromatic herbicides. J. Agr. Food Chem. 9:44–47.Google Scholar
3. Audus, L. J. 1950. The biological detoxification of 2,4-D acid in soil. Plant soil. 2:31–36.Google Scholar
4. Audus, L. J. 1951. The biological detoxification of hormone herbicides in soil. Plant Soil 3:170–192.Google Scholar
5. Bovey, R. W. and Merkle, M. G. 1970. Brush research in Texas. Tex. Agr. Exp. Sta. PR 2822. pp. 79–82.Google Scholar
6. Bovey, R. W., Miller, F. R., and Diaz-Colon, J. 1968. Growth of crops in soils after herbicidal treatments for brush control in the tropics. Agron J. 60:678–679.Google Scholar
7. Brown, J. W. and Mitchell, J. W. 1948. Inactivation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid in soil as affected by soil moisture, temperature, the addition of manure, and autoclaving. Bot. Gaz. 109:323–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Burnside, O. C. and Lavy, T. L. 1966. Dissipation of dicamba. Weeds 14:211–214.Google Scholar
9. Burnside, O. C., Wicks, G. A., and Fenster, C. R. 1971. Dissipation of dicamba, picloram and 2,3,6-TBA across Nebraska. Weed Sci. 19:323–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. DeRose, H. R. and Newman, A. S. 1947. The comparison of the persistence of certain plant growth-regulators when applied to soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 12:222–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Dowler, C. C., Forestier, W., and Hernadex, R. T. 1968. The effect and persistence of herbicides applied to the soil in Guava. Proc. S. Weed Conf. 21:228–230.Google Scholar
12. Dowler, C. C., Forestier, W., and Tschirley, F. H. 1968. Effect and persistence of herbicides applied to soil in Puerto Rican forests. Weeds 16:45–50.Google Scholar
13. Friesen, H. A. 1965. The movement and persistence of dicamba in soil. Weeds 13:30–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Goring, C. A. I., Youngson, C. R., and Hamaker, J. W. 1965. Tordon herbicide disappearance from soils. Down Earth 20(4):3–5.Google Scholar
15. Hahn, R. R., Burnside, O. C., and Lavy, T. L. 1969. Dissipation and phytotoxicity of dicamba. Weed Sci. 17:3–8.Google Scholar
16. Hanks, R. W. 1947. Removal of 2,4-D acid and its calcium salt from six different soils by leaching. Bot. Gaz. 108:186–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Herr, D. E., Strobe, E. W., and Ray, D. A. 1966. Effect of Tordon residues on agronomic crops. Down Earth 21(4):17–18.Google Scholar
18. Herr, D. W., Strobe, E. W., and Ray, D. A. 1966. The movement and persistence of picloram in soils. Weeds 14:248–250.Google Scholar
19. Hoffman, G. O. 1971. Tordon 225 mixture herbicide on Texas rangelands. Down Earth 27(2):17–21.Google Scholar
20. Klingman, G. C. 1964. Weed control: As a science. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 421 pp.Google Scholar
21. Kratochvil, E. W. 1951. Determinations of the effect of several herbicides on soil micro-organisms. Weeds 1:25–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22. Merkle, M. G., Bovey, R. W., and Davis, F. S. 1967. Factors affecting the movement and persistence of picloram in soil. Agron. J. 59:413–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23. Moffat, R. W. 1968. Some factors affecting the disappearance of Tordon in soil. Down Earth 23(4):6–10.Google Scholar
24. Newman, A. S., Thomas, J. R., and Walker, R. L. 1952. Disappearance of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid from soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 16:21–24.Google Scholar
25. Norris, L. A. 1966. Degradation of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T in forest litter. J. Forest 64:475–476.Google Scholar
26. Norris, L. A. 1969. Some chemical factors influencing the degradation of herbicides in forest floor material. Res. Prog. Rep., West. Soc. Weed Sci. pp. 22–24.Google Scholar
27. Norris, L. A. and Greiner, D. 1967. The degradation of 2,4-D in forest litter. Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 2: 65–74.Google Scholar
28. Richards, R. F. 1956. Field status of the residual effect of several herbicides. Proc. S. Weed Conf. 9:154–157.Google Scholar
29. Saha, J. G. and Gadallah, L. A. 1967. Determination of the herbicide Tordon (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) in soil by electron capture gas chromatography. J. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chem. 50:3.Google Scholar
30. Scifres, C. J., Hahn, R. R., Diaz-Colon, J., and Merkle, M. G. 1971. Picloram persistence in semiarid range-land soils and water. Weed Sci. 19:381–384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31. Sheets, T. J. and Harris, C. I. 1965. Herbicide residues in soils and their phytotoxicities to crops grown in rotations. Residue Rev. 11:119–140.Google Scholar
32. Sheets, T. J., Smith, J. W., and Kaufman, D. D. 1968. Persistence of benzoic and phenylacetic acids in soils. Weed Sci. 16:217–222.Google Scholar
33. Smith, M., Suzuki, H., and Malina, M. 1965. Analysis of dicamba in crops and milk, including a rapid clean-up method. J. Assoc. Offic. Agr. Chem. 46:1164–1169.Google Scholar
34. Warren, G. F. 1954. Rate of leaching and breakdown of several herbicides in different soils. Proc. N. Cent. Weed Contr. Conf. 11:5–6.Google Scholar
35. Weise, A. F. and Rea, H. E. 1960. Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) control with soil application of phenoxy herbicides. Weeds 8:418–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36. Youngson, C. R., Goring, C. A. I., Merkle, R. W., Scott, H. H., and Griffith, J. D. 1967. Factors influencing the decomposition of Tordon® herbicide in soils. Down Earth 23(2):3–11.Google Scholar