Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T11:49:24.621Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Comparative Germination and Emergence Ecology of Two Populations of Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) from Iran and Denmark

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

S. V. Eslami
S. V. Eslami*
Affiliation:
University of Birjand, Amirabaad Campus, 97175/331, Iran
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Common lambsquarters, a summer annual weed, has occupied comparatively different ecogeographical regions around the globe. To investigate the extent to which germination and emergence traits have differentiated in two natural populations of common lambsquarters from different environments (Denmark as mesic and Iran as xeric population), experiments were conducted in the laboratory. Germination of both populations was stimulated by light. The greatest germination percentage of xeric and mesic populations occurred at 25/15 and 20/10 C, respectively. The xeric population showed significantly greater germinability at the lowest (15/5 C) and the highest (35/25 C) fluctuating temperature regimes. Germination of the xeric population was only slightly affected, and the mesic population was severely retarded at a salinity level of 20 desi siemens (DS) m−1. Greater than 42% of the xeric seeds germinated at 30 dS m−1 salinity, while the mesic germination almost ceased at this salinity level. Germination of seeds placed in distilled water after the 14-d salinity exposure treatments (recovery rates) was also greater for the xeric vs. mesic populations. Xeric populations showed more than 65% germination up to the osmotic potential of −0.4 MPa, while decreasing osmotic potential from 0 to −0.4 MPa caused an 80% reduction in mesic population germinability (9% germination). The greatest emergence of xeric (77%) and mesic (70%) populations occurred for seeds placed on the soil surface and no seedlings emerged from burial depth 3 cm. These study results suggest that common lambsquarters populations have differentiated for heat, salinity, and drought tolerance at germination stage. These contrasting germination patterns are appeared to be due to either adaptation via natural selection or maternal effects, or some combination of both. Though this study has certain limitations, it, through its findings and their propositions, adds to the existing knowledge about interpopulation differences in germination requirements of common lambsquarters, as a globally distributed species.

Keywords

common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album LSeed germinationseedling emergenceburial depthsalinityosmotic effectpopulation
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 59 , Issue 1 , March 2011 , pp. 90 - 97
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Aslam, Z., Salim, M., Quresh, R. H., and Sandhu, G. R. 1987. Salt tolerance of Echinochloa crusgalli . Biol. Plant. 29:66–69.Google Scholar
Baskin, C. C. and Baskin, J. M. 1988. Germination ecophysiology of herbaceous plant species in a temperate region. Am. J. Bot. 75:286–305.Google Scholar
Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1977. Role of temperature in the germination ecology of three summer annual weeds. Oecologia. 30:377–382.Google Scholar
Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 2004. A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Sci. Res. 14:1–16.Google Scholar
Bazzaz, F. A. 1973. Seed germination in relation to salt concentration in three populations of Prosopis farcta . Oecologia. 13:73–80.Google Scholar
Benech Arnold, R. L., Ghersa, C. M., Sanchez, R. A., and Insausti, P. 1990. Temperature effects on dormancy release and germination rate in Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. seeds: a quantitative analysis. Weed Res. 30:81–89.Google Scholar
Benvenuti, S., Macchia, M., and Miele, S. 2001. Quantitative analysis of emergence of seedlings from buried weed seeds with increasing soil depth. Weed Sci. 49:528–535.Google Scholar
Bradford, K. J. 1995. Water relations in seed germination. Pages 351–396 in Kigel, J. and Galili, G., eds. Seed Development and Germination. New York Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Brainard, D. C., DiTommaso, A., and Mohler, C. L. 2006. Intraspecific variation in germination response to ammonium nitrate of Powell amaranth (Amaranthus powellii) seeds originating from organic vs. conventional vegetable farms. Weed Sci. 54:435–442.Google Scholar
Bülow-Olsen, A. 1983. Germination response to salt in Festuca rubra in a population from a salt marsh. Holarctic Ecol. 6:194–198.Google Scholar
Chauhan, B., Gill, G., and Preston, C. 2006a. Factors affecting seed germination of annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) in southern Australia. Weed Sci. 54:854–860.Google Scholar
Chauhan, B., Gill, G., and Preston, C. 2006b. African mustard (Brassica tournefortii) germination in southern Australia. Weed Sci. 54:891–897.Google Scholar
DiTommaso, A. 2004. Germination behavior of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) populations across a range of salinities. Weed Sci. 52:1002–1009.Google Scholar
Ehleringer, J. R. and Clark, C. 1988. Evolution and adaptation in Encelia (Asteracea). Pages 221–248 in Gottlieb, L. D. and Jain, S. K., eds. Plant Evolutionary Biology. London Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
Ellis, R. H. 1985. Handbook of seed technology for genebanks. Vol. II. Compendium of Specific Germination Information and Test Recommendations Handbooks for Genebanks: n. 3. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, Rome, Italy. http://www2.bioversityinternational.org/publications/Web_version/52/. Accessed: July 28, 2007.Google Scholar
Epstein, E. 1972. Mineral Nutrition of Plants: Principles and Perspectives. New York Wiley. Pp. 263–271.Google Scholar
Fenner, M. and Thompson, K. 2005. The Ecology of Seeds. Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press. Pp. 110–116.Google Scholar
Foolad, M. R., Subbiah, P., and Zhang, L. 2007. Common QTL affect the rate of tomato seed germination under different stress and nonstress conditions. Int. J. Plant Genomics. 1:1–10.Google Scholar
Forooghifar, H. and Shahidi, A. 1998. A Case Study of Morphological, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Farmland Soils of South Knorasaan Province. Iran Birjand University. Pp. 32–67.Google Scholar
Grant, V. and Wilken, D. H. 1988. Racial variation in Ipomopsis tenuituba (Poemoniaceae). Bot. Gaz. 149:443–449.Google Scholar
Greipsson, S. and Davy, A. J. 1994. Germination of Leymus arenarius and its significance for land reclamation in Iceland. Ann. Bot. (Lond). 73:393–401.Google Scholar
Grime, J. P., Mason, G., Curtis, A. V., Rodman, J., Band, S. R., Mowforth, M. A. G., Neal, A. M., and Shaw, S. 1981. A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. J. Ecol. 69:1017–1059.Google Scholar
Grundy, A. C., Peters, N. C. B., Rasmussen, I. A., Hartmann, K. M., Sattin, M., Andersson, L., Mead, A., Murdoch, A. J., and Forcella, F. 2003. Emergence of Chenopodium album and Stellaria media of different origins under different climatic conditions. Weed Res. 43:163–176.Google Scholar
Harper, J. L. 1977. Population biology of plants. New York Academic Press. 892 p.Google Scholar
Holm, L. G., Plucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. V., and Herberger, J. P. 1977. The World's Worst Weeds Distribution and Biology. Honolulu, HI University Press of Hawaii. Pp. 84–91, 125–133, 153–168.Google Scholar
Karssen, C. M. 1967. The light promoted germination of the seeds of Chenopodium album L. I. The influence of the incubation time on quantity and rate of the response to red light. Acta. Bot. Neerl. 16:156–160.Google Scholar
Li, Y. and Feng, Y. 2009. Differences in seed morphometric and germination traits of crofton weed (Eupatorium adenophorum) from different elevations. Weed Sci. 57:26–30.Google Scholar
Luzuriaga, A. L., Escudero, A., and Perez-Garcia, F. 2006. Environmental maternal effects on seed morphology and germination in Sinapis arvensis (Cruciferae). Weed Res. 46:163–174.Google Scholar
Macdonald, S. E. and Chinnappa, C. C. 1988. Patterns of variation in Stellaria longipes complex: the effect of polyploidy and natural selection. Am. J. Bot. 75:1191–2000.Google Scholar
Macdonald, S. E. and Chinnappa, C. C. 1989. Population differentiation for phenotypic plasticity in the Stellaria longipes complex. Am. J. Bot. 76:1627–1637.Google Scholar
Mahoney, K. J. and Swanton, C. J. 2008. Nitrogen and light affect the adaptive traits of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album). Weed Sci. 56:81–90.Google Scholar
McElory, J. S., Walker, R. H., Wehtje, G. R., and van Santen, E. 2004. Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) populations exhibit variation in germination response to temperature, photoperiod, and fenarimol. Weed Sci. 52:47–52.Google Scholar
Michel, B. E. 1983. Evaluation of the water potentials of solutions of polyethylene glycol 8000. Plant Physiol. 72:66–70.Google Scholar
Miles, J. E., Nishimoto, R. K., and Kawabata, O. 1996. Diurnally alternating temperatures stimulate sprouting of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) tubers. Weed Sci. 44:122–125.Google Scholar
Nandula, T., Eubank, W., Poston, D. H., Koger, C. H., and Reddy, K. N. 2006. Factors affecting germination of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). Weed Sci. 54:898–902.Google Scholar
Nevo, E., Gorham, J., and Beiles, A. 1992. Variation for 22Na uptake in wild Emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccoides in Israel: salt tolerance resources for wheat improvement. J. Exp. Bot. 43:511–518.Google Scholar
Nikolaeva, M. G. 2004. On criteria to use in studies of seed evolution. Seed Sci. Res. 14:315–320.Google Scholar
Nishimoto, R. K. and McCarty, L. B. 1997. Fluctuating temperatures and light influence seed germination of goosegrass (Eleusine indica). Weed Sci. 45:426–429.Google Scholar
Norsworthy, J. K. and Oliveira, M. J. 2006. Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) germination and emergence as affected by environmental factors and burial depth. Weed Sci. 54:903–909.Google Scholar
Probert, R. J. 2000. The role of temperature in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination. Pages 261–292 in Fenner, M., ed. Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. Oxon, UK CAB International.Google Scholar
Rahman, M. and Ungar, I. A. 1990. The effect of salinity on seed germination and seedling growth of Echinochloa crusgalli . Ohio J. Sci. 90:13–15.Google Scholar
Reed, C. F. 1971. Common weeds of the United States. Prepared by the agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. New York Dover. Pp. 21–88.Google Scholar
Schütz, W. and Rave, G. 1999. The effect of cold stratification and light on the seed germination of temperate sedges (Carex) from various habitats and implications for regenerative strategies. Plant Ecol. 144:215–230.Google Scholar
Ungar, I. A. 1982. Germination ecology of halophytes. Pages 143–154 in Sen, D. N. and Rajpurohit, K. S., eds. Contribution to the Ecology of Halophytes. The Hague, Netherlands Junk.Google Scholar
Ungar, I. A. 1991. Ecophysiology of Vascular Halophytes. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press. Pp. 78–123.Google Scholar
Volis, S., Mendlinger, S., and Ward, D. 2002. Adaptive traits of wild barley plants of Mediterranean and desert origin. Oecologia. 133:131–138.Google Scholar
Woodell, S. R. J. 1985. Salinity and seed germination patterns in coastal plants. Vegetatio. 61:223–229.Google Scholar