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Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) seed shattering in wheat, corn, and soybean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 June 2020

Marie-Josée Simard Open the ORCID record for Marie-Josée Simard [Opens in a new window] ,
Robert E. Nurse ,
Eric R. Page  and
Gaétan Bourgeois
Marie-Josée Simard*
Affiliation:
Research Scientist, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
Robert E. Nurse
Affiliation:
Research Scientist, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow Research and Development Centre, Harrow, ON, Canada
Eric R. Page
Affiliation:
Research Scientist, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow Research and Development Centre, Harrow, ON, Canada
Gaétan Bourgeois
Affiliation:
Research Scientist, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
*
Author for correspondence: Marie-Josée Simard, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, 430 Gouin Boulevard, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QCJ3B 3E6, Canada. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Before any late-season weed control operations are planned to manage herbicide-resistant weeds, it is essential to evaluate the plants’ maturity and shattering potential. Our goal was to assess the seed-shattering phenology of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) using pollination bags as seed traps. A secondary goal was to evaluate the efficiency of these traps. Trials were conducted from 2014 to 2017 at two locations in eastern Canada (Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, and Harrow, ON). At each location, three adjacent fields were seeded with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], or corn (Zea mays L.). Each field was divided into four replicate blocks that included two treatment plots with 5 weeds m−2 planted on the same date as the crop or when crop plants had two leaves (early or late emergence). To evaluate shattering in time, the experiment included up to 12 weekly collection dates (subplots). In each subplot, weeds were individually bagged at flowering (using mesh bags) until collection, when the number and viability of shattered and retained seeds per plant was recorded. Weather data as well as crop and weed stages were recorded. The effect of the pollen bags on seed retrieval and viability was evaluated by installing open and closed bags in corn and uncropped (bare) plots at a single location. Ambrosia artemisiifolia seed biomass was equivalent or higher in closed bags, and seed viability was equivalent or slightly reduced. No seeds were produced before harvest in spring wheat, as dispersal started in September. The percentage of seeds retained on the plant decreased linearly (1 site-year) or followed a logistic equation (4 site-years) with day of year or growing degree days. Dispersal in time was similar between early- and late-emerging weeds and similar in both corn and soybean. On average, more than 50% of A. artemisiifolia seeds were dispersed before harvest in corn and soybean.

Keywords

Phenologyseed productionseed retentionshattered seedsweed seed management
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 68 , Issue 5 , September 2020 , pp. 510 - 516
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2020

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Mithila Jugulam, Kansas State University

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