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Bioassay of Photosynthetic Inhibitors in Water and Aqueous Soil Extracts with Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Salah A. Selim ,
Steven W. O'Neal ,
Merrill A. Ross  and
Carole A. Lembi
Salah A. Selim
Affiliation:
Dep. Bot. and Plant Pathol., Purdue Univ., W. Lafayette, IN 47907
Steven W. O'Neal
Affiliation:
Dep. Bot. and Plant Pathol., Purdue Univ., W. Lafayette, IN 47907
Merrill A. Ross
Affiliation:
Dep. Bot. and Plant Pathol., Purdue Univ., W. Lafayette, IN 47907
Carole A. Lembi
Affiliation:
Dep. Bot. and Plant Pathol., Purdue Univ., W. Lafayette, IN 47907
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Abstract

Eurasian watermilfoil, an aquatic flowering plant, was found to be a suitable bioassay plant for the detection of photosynthetic inhibitor herbicides in water and aqueous extracts of soil. Stock cultures of Eurasian watermilfoil were maintained in an algal-free medium under constant environmental conditions. Oxygen evolution from three lateral shoots 3 to 5 cm in length was measured before and after herbicide treatment. Inhibition of photosynthesis was detected within 10 min of treatment. Concentrations as low as 5.9 × 10–8M terbacil and 6.4 × 10–8M diuron were detected in water. Simazine, atrazine, and metribuzin were detected in water at a concentration of 10–7M. Eurasian watermilfoil bioassays in lake water spiked with various concentrations of terbacil, metribuzin, atrazine, and simazine indicated that the bioresidual activity of these chemicals can be estimated in samples of natural water without extraction or purification. Using aqueous extracts taken from herbicide-treated soil, the Eurasian watermilfoil bioassay detected minimum levels of 0.047 and 0.07 kg/ha terbacil and atrazine, respectively. Neither soybean nor oat showed visible injury symptoms at these concentrations. The Eurasian watermilfoil bioassay has the advantage of being more rapid and/or more sensitive than methods using algae, oat seedlings, or leaf discs.

Keywords

Atrazine, 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2,4-diamine, diuron, N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylureametribuzin, 4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-onesimazine, 6-chloro-N,N-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamineterbacil, 5-chloro- 3- (1,1 - dimethylethyl) − 6 - methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedioneEurasian watermilfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum L. ♯3 MYPSPsoybeans, Glycine max (L.)Merr. ‘Century’oat, Avena sativa L. ‘Noble’Oxygen electrodesoil residueswater qualityatrazinediuronmetribuzinsimazineterbacilGlycine maxAvena sativaMYPSP
Type
Soil, Air, and Water
Information
Weed Science , Volume 37 , Issue 6 , November 1989 , pp. 810 - 814
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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