Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T07:25:58.319Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Density and Row Spacing Effects on Competition with Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Robert E. Blackshaw
Robert E. Blackshaw*
Affiliation:
Agric. Can. Res. Stn., Lethbridge. AB, Canada T1J 4B1
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted in 1990 and 1991 at Lethbridge, Alberta, to determine if narrower row spacings and increased plant densities than commonly practiced would improve safflower's competitive ability with weeds. A factorial set of treatments of safflower at two row spacings of 11 and 22 cm and six densities ranging from 10 to 192 plants m−2 grown weed free or infested with green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.). Decreasing safflower row spacing from 22 to 11 cm slightly improved competition with green foxtail, but increasing safflower density had a much greater effect. Weed-free safflower biomass and seed yield plateaued at 70 and 84 plants m−2 in 1990 and 1991, respectively. However, safflower infested with 500 plants m−2 of green foxtail increased in biomass and seed production up to 100 plants m−2 in 1990 and 156 plants m−2 in 1991. At these high densities, weedy safflower yielded less than weed-free safflower but three to four times more than achieved at lower stand densities. Concurrently, high safflower density reduced green foxtail biomass up to 72% and seed yield up to 85%. Dense safflower stands developed a closed canopy early in the season and shaded green foxtail more than thin stands.

Keywords

Green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. #3 SETVIsafflower, Carthamus tinctorius L. ‘Saffire’Interferencebiomass accumulationlight competitionsafflower yieldweed seed yieldSETVI
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 41 , Issue 3 , September 1993 , pp. 403 - 408
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Alberta Agriculture. 1992. Pages 31–152 in Crop protection with chemicals. Agdex 606-1. Alberta Edmonton, AB.Google Scholar
2. Berkowitz, A. R. 1988. Competition for resources in weed-crop mixtures. Pages 90–119 in Altieri, M. A. and Liebman, M., eds. Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecological Approaches. CRC Press. Inc., Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
3. Blackshaw, R. E., Derksen, D. A., and Muendel, H.-H. 1990. Herbicides for weed control in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). Can J. Plant Sci. 70:237–245.Google Scholar
4. Blackshaw, R. E., Stobbe, E. H., and Sturko, A.R.W. 1981. Effect of seeding dates and densities of green foxtail (Setaria viridis) on the growth and productivity of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Sci 29:212–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Bubar, C. J. and Morrison, I. N. 1984. Growth responses of green and yellow foxtail (Setaria viridis and S. lutescens) to shade. Weed Sci. 32:774–780.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Chen, T. M., Brown, R. H., and Black, C. C. 1970. CO2 compensation concentration, rate of photosynthesis, and carbonic anhydrase activity of plants. Weed Sci. 18:399–403.Google Scholar
7. Douglas, B. J., Thomas, A. G., Morrison, I. N., and Maw, M. G. 1985. The biology of Canadian weeds. 70. Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. Can. J Plant Sci. 65:669–690.Google Scholar
8. Ethredge, W. J. Jr., Ashley, D. A., and Woodruff, J. M. 1989. Row spacing and plant population effects on yield components of soybean Agron. J. 81:947–951.Google Scholar
9. Evans, R. M., Thill, D. C., Tapia, L., Shafii, B., and Lish, J. M. 1991. Wild oat (Avena fatua) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) density affect spring barley grain yield. Weed Technol. 5:33–39.Google Scholar
10. Froud-Williams, R. J. 1988. Changes in weed flora with different tillage and agronomic management systems. Pages 213–236 in Altieri, M. A. and Liebman, M., eds. Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecological Approaches. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
11. Gallant, A. R. 1987. Nonlinear Statistical Models. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 610 pp.Google Scholar
12. Heitholt, J. J., Pettigrew, W. T., and Meredith, W. R. Jr. 1992. Light interception and lint yield of narrow-row cotton. Crop Sci. 32:728–733.Google Scholar
13. Helm, J. L., Riveland, N., Schneiter, A. A., and Sobolik, F. 1985. Safflower production. North Dakota State Univ. Coop. Ext. Serv., Fargo, ND. 4 pp.Google Scholar
14. Howe, O. W. and Oliver, L. R. 1987. Influence of soybean (Glycine max) row spacing on pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) interference. Weed Sci. 35:185–193.Google Scholar
15. Koscelny, J. A., Peeper, T. F., Solie, J. B., and Solomon, S. G. Jr. 1990. Effect of wheat (Triticum aestivum) row spacing, seeding rate and cultivar on yield loss from cheat (Bromus secalinus). Weed Technol. 4:487–492.Google Scholar
16. Legere, A. and Screiber, M. M. 1989. Competition and canopy architecture as affected by soybean (Glycine max) row width and density of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). Weed Sci. 37:84–92.Google Scholar
17. Lawson, H. M. and Topham, P. B. 1985. Competition between annual weeds and vining peas grown at a range of population densities: effects on the weeds. Weed Res. 25:221–226.Google Scholar
18. Marshall, G. C. and Ohm, H. W. 1987. Yield response of 16 winter wheat cultivars to row spacing and seeding rate. Agron. J. 79:1027–1030.Google Scholar
19. Miller, J. H., Carter, L. M., and Carter, C. 1983. Weed management in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) grown in two row spacings. Weed Sci. 31:236–241.Google Scholar
20. Muendel, H.-H., Huang, H. C., Burch, L. D., and Kiehn, F. 1985. Saffire safflower. Can. J. Plant Sci. 65:1079–1081.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21. Muendel, H.-H., Morrison, R. J., Blackshaw, R. E., and Roth, B., eds. 1992. Safflower Production on the Canadian Prairies. Agric. Can. Res. Stn., Lethbridge, Alberta. 36 pp.Google Scholar
22. Pearcy, R. W., Tumosa, N., and Williams, K. 1981. Relationships between growth, photosynthesis and competitive interactions for a C3 and a C4 plant. Oecologia 48:371–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23. Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J. H. 1980. Pages 96–182 in Principles and Procedures of Statistics. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York.Google Scholar
24. Stoller, E. W. and Myers, R. A. 1989. Effects of shading and soybean Glycine max (L.) interference on Solanum ptycanthum (Dun.) (eastern black nightshade) growth and development. Weed Res. 29:307–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25. Walker, R. H. and Buchanan, G. A. 1982. Crop manipulation in integrated weed management systems. Weed Sci. 30, Suppl. 1:17–23.Google Scholar
26. Yelverton, F. H. and Coble, H. D. 1991. Narrow row spacing and canopy formation reduces weed resurgence in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 5:169–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27. Zimdahl, R. L. 1980. Pages 117–122 in Weed-crop competition. Int. Plant Prot. Ctr., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR.Google Scholar