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Root/Rhizome Exudation of Nicosulfuron from Treated Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and Possible Implications for Corn (Zea mays)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Nagabhushana G. Gubbiga ,
A. Douglas Worsham  and
Frederick T. Corbin
Nagabhushana G. Gubbiga
Affiliation:
Crop Sci. Dep., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
A. Douglas Worsham
Affiliation:
Crop Sci. Dep., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
Frederick T. Corbin
Affiliation:
Crop Sci. Dep., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
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Abstract

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the occurrence and significance of release of herbicide through subterranean parts of nicosulfuron-treated johnsongrass. In a bioassay, the rooting medium of johnsongrass treated foliarly with 50 or 100 μg nicosulfuron plant−1 was inhibitory to the radicle elongation of sorghum and corn indicating the increased toxicity of the rooting medium of nicosulfuron-treated johnsongrass. The study with 14C-nicosulfuron indicated a basipetal translocation of foliarly applied nicosulfuron in johnsongrass to its roots/rhizomes and also into the rooting medium. By 30 DAT, around 23% of the 14C-label absorbed by johnsongrass was found exuded into the rooting medium. Radiochromatogram scans of thin layer chromatography plates of rooting medium indicated unmetabolized nicosulfuron as the major 14C-labeled compound (56%). The study also revealed a subsequent uptake of exuded 14C by corn roots sharing the medium. On the whole, the amount of 14C-label recovered from untreated corn amounted to 4.3% of the total applied to johnsongrass. In another experiment, the presence of nicosulfuron in the rooting medium was detrimental to corn growth. Reductions in corn growth occurred at concentrations of 10−8 M nicosulfuron or greater in the rooting medium. The sensitivity of corn to root uptake was attributed to greater accumulation of nicosulfuron at a faster rate in the growing parts.

Keywords

Nicosulfuron, 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]-amino]sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamidejohnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. ♯ SORHAcorn, Zea mays L. ‘DeKalb 689,’ ‘Pioneer 3149,’ ‘Pioneer 3320.’Absorptionallelopathybioassayfoliar uptakemetabolism14C-nicosulfuronradiochromatogramroot exudation and transferroot uptakethin layer chromatographytranslocationSORHA
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 44 , Issue 3 , September 1996 , pp. 455 - 460
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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