Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T06:52:08.618Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Impacts of Fertilizer and Hexazinone on Sheep Sorrel (Rumex acetosella) Growth Patterns in Lowbush Blueberry Fields

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Karen J. Kennedy ,
Nathan S. Boyd ,
Vilis O. Nams  and
A. Randall Olson
Karen J. Kennedy
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada, B2N 5E3
Nathan S. Boyd*
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada, B2N 5E3
Vilis O. Nams
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada, B2N 5E3
A. Randall Olson
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada, B2N 5E3
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Sheep sorrel is an invasive, creeping perennial weed of lowbush blueberry fields that decreases yields and hinders harvest. Much of the basic phenology of sheep sorrel in blueberry fields is unknown and not documented in peer-reviewed journals. Three levels of fertilizer (0, 20, and 40 kg N ha−1) and two levels of hexazinone (0 and 1.92 kg ai ha−1) were applied to three vegetative-year blueberry fields to determine their effects on root and shoot growth, biomass allocation, and seed production of sheep sorrel plants. Hexazinone efficacy varied widely between sites, but suppressed shoot biomass, achene number and weight, and reproductive biomass, as well as the reproductive : shoot biomass ratio. Fertilizer tended to increase achene number and increased sheep sorrel shoot biomass in the absence of hexazinone, but had no effect on achene weight, root biomass, or reproductive biomass. When fertilizer was applied, sheep sorrel allocated resources to sexual reproduction at the expense of vegetative growth.

Keywords

HexazinoneVelparsheep sorrel, Rumex acetosella Llowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. and Vaccinium myrtilloides MichxBroadleafperennialsbiomass allocationphenologyreproductive biomassseed productionVelparweed management
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 59 , Issue 3 , September 2011 , pp. 335 - 340
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Aalund, H. and Wicklund, R. E. 1953. Soil Survey Report of Southeastern New Brunswick. Fredericton, New Brunswick Dominion Department of Agriculture and New Brunswick Department of Agriculture. 108 p.Google Scholar
Barker, W. G., Hall, I. V., Aalders, L. E., and Wood, G. W. 1964. The lowbush blueberry industry in eastern Canada. Econ. Bot. 18:357–365.Google Scholar
Boyd, N. S. and White, S. N. 2009. Impact of wild blueberry harvesters on weed seed dispersal within and between fields. Weed Sci. 57:541–546.Google Scholar
Brouwer, W.W.M., Boesten, J.J.T.I., and Siegers, W. G. 1990. Adsorption of transformation products of atrazine by soil. Weed Res. 30:123–128.Google Scholar
Carlson, H. L. and Hill, J. E. 1986. Wild oat (Avena fatua) competition with spring wheat: effects of nitrogen fertilisation. Weed Sci. 34:29–33.Google Scholar
DuPont. 2009. Velpar® DF Herbicide. Available at: http://www2.dupont.com/Crop_Protection/en_CA/labels-MSDS/velpar.html. Accessed January 10, 2010.Google Scholar
Escarré, J., Houssard, C. and Thompson, J. D. 1994. An experimental study of the role of seedling density and neighbor relatedness in the persistence of Rumex acetosella in an old-field succession. Can. J. Bot. 72:1273–1281.Google Scholar
Fan, J. and Harris, W. 1996. Effects of soil fertility and cutting frequency on interference among Hieracium pilosella, H.praealtum, Rumex acetosella, and Festcua novaezelandiae . N. Z. J. Agric. Res. 39:1–32.Google Scholar
Fortunel, C., Violle, C., Roumet, C., Buatois, B., Navasb, M. and Garnier, E. 2009. Allocation strategies and seed traits are hardly affected by nitrogen supply in 18 species differing in successional status. Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 11:267–283.Google Scholar
Gleason, H. A. and Cronquist, A. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. 2nd ed. New York The New York Botanical Garden Press. 910 p.Google Scholar
Harris, W. 1970. Genecological aspects of flowering and vegetative reproduction in Rumex acetosella L. N. Z. J. Bot. 8:99–113.Google Scholar
Harris, W. 1972. Shading, defoliation, temperature, growth stage, and reduce fertility effects on competition between Rumex acetosella, Trifolium repens, and Lolium (multifolum × perenne). N. Z. J. Agric. Res. 15:687–705.Google Scholar
Howe, H. and Smallwood, J. 1982. Ecology of seed dispersal. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 13:201–228.Google Scholar
Hsiao, A. I. and McIntyre, G. 1984. Evidence of competition for water as a factor in the mechanism of root-bud inhibition in milkweed (Asclepias syriaca). Can. J. Bot. 62:379–384.Google Scholar
Jeliazkova, E. A. and Percival, D. C. 2003. N and P fertilizers, some growth variables, and mycorrhizae in wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium). Acta Hort. 626:297–304.Google Scholar
Jensen, K.I.N. 1985. Weed control in lowbush blueberry in eastern Canada. Acta Hort. 165:259–265.Google Scholar
Jensen, K.I.N. and Specht, E. G. 2002. Response of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) to hexazinone applied early in the fruiting year. Can. J. Plant Sci. 82:781–783.Google Scholar
Jongejans, E., de Kroon, H., and Berendse, F. 2006. The interplay between shifts in biomass allocation and costs of reproduction in four grassland perennials under simulated successional change. Oecologia. 147:369–378.Google Scholar
Kalouskova, N. 1989. Adsorption of atrazine on humic acids. J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part B: Pestic. Food Contam. Agric. Wastes. 24:599–617.Google Scholar
Kennedy, K. 2009. Combined effect of fertilizer and hexazinone on sheep sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.) populations in lowbush blueberry fields. M.Sc. dissertation. Truro, Nova Scotia Dalhousie University. 116 p.Google Scholar
Kennedy, K., Boyd, N. S., and Nams, V. O. 2010. Hexazinone and fertilizer impacts on sheep sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.) in wild blueberry. Weed Sci. 58:317–322.Google Scholar
Klimeš, L. and Klimešová, J. 1999. Root sprouting in Rumex acetosella under different nutrient levels. Plant Ecol. 141:33–39.Google Scholar
Korpelainen, H. 1993. Vegetative growth in Rumex acetosella (Polygonaceae) originating from different geographic regions. Plant Syst. Evol. 188:115–123.Google Scholar
Kupferschmid, A. D., Stampfli, A., and Newbery, D. M. 2000. Dispersal and microsite limitation in an abandoned calcareous grassland of the southern preAlps. Folia Geobot. 35:25–141.Google Scholar
Laird, D. A., Yen, P. Y., Koskinen, W. C., Steinheimer, T. R., and Dowdy, R. H. 1994. Sorption of atrazine on soil clay components. Environ Sci. Technol. 28:1054–1061.Google Scholar
McCully, K., Jensen, K., Chiasson, G., and Melanson, M. 2005. Wild Lowbush Blueberry IPM Weed Management Guide. Kentville, Nova Scotia New Brunswick Department of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, http://www.gnb.ca/0171/10/017110020-e.pdf. Accessed: February 13, 2010.Google Scholar
McIntyre, G. I. 1979. Developmental studies on Euphorbia esula.Evidence of competition for water as a factor in the mechanism of root-bud inhibition. Can. J. Bot. 57:2572–2581.Google Scholar
McIssac, D. 1997. Growing Wild Lowbush Blueberries in Nova Scotia. Lowbush Blueberry Fact Sheet. http://www.nsac.ca/wildblue/facts/grow.asp. Accessed: September 25, 2010.Google Scholar
Neary, D. G., Bush, P. B., and Douglass, J. E. 1983. Off-site movement of hexazinone in stormflow and baseflow from forest watersheds. Weed Sci. 31:543–551.Google Scholar
Nowland, J. L. and MacDougall, J. I. 1973. Soils of Cumberland County, Nova Scotia. Ottawa, Ontario Canada Department of Agriculture and Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture Marketing. 148 p.Google Scholar
Petersen, R. L. 1975. The initiation and development of root buds. Pages 125–161 in Torrey, J. G., and Clarkson, D. T., eds. The Development and Function of Roots. London Academic.Google Scholar
Putwain, P. D. and Harper, J. L. 1970. Studies in the dynamics of plant populations: iii. The influence of associated species on populations of Rumex acetosa L. and Rumex acetosella L. in grassland. J. Ecol. 58:251–264.Google Scholar
Putwain, P. D. and Harper, J. L. 1972. Studies in the dynamics of plant populations: v. Mechanisms governing the sex ratio in Rumex acetosa and Rumex acetosella . J. Ecol. 60:113–129.Google Scholar
Putwain, P. D., Machin, D., and Harper, J. L. 1968. Studies in the dynamics of plant populations: ii. Components and regulation of a natural population of Rumex acetosella L. J. Ecol. 56:421–431.Google Scholar
Ross, M. A. and Lembi, C. A. 1999. Applied Weed Science. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall. 452 p.Google Scholar
Sampson, M. G., McCully, K. V., and Sampson, D. L. 1990. Weeds of Eastern Canadian Blueberry Fields. Truro, Nova Scotia Nova Scotia Agricultural College Bookstore. 229 p.Google Scholar
Sattelmacher, B., Klotz, F., and Marschner, H. 1990. Influence of the nitrogen level on root growth and morphology of two potato varieties differing in nitrogen acquisition. Plant Soil. 123:131–137.Google Scholar
Schippers, P. and Olff, H. 2000. Biomass partitioning, architecture and turnover of six herbaceous species from habitats with different nutrient supply. Plant Ecol. 149:219–231.Google Scholar
Shen, J. 1995. On choosing an appropriate ANOVA for ecological experiments. Oikos. 73:404.Google Scholar
Stevens, O. A. 1932. The number and weight of seeds produced by weeds. Am. J. Bot. 19:784–794.Google Scholar
Stevenson, F. J. 1972. Organic matter reactions involving herbicides in soil. J. Environ. Qual. 1:333–343.Google Scholar
Thieret, J. W., Niering, W. A., and Olmstead, N. C. 2001. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Eastern Region. New York Alfred A. Knopf. 879 p.Google Scholar
Uva, R. H., Neal, J. C., and DiTomaso, J. M. 1997. Weeds of the Northeast. Ithaca, NY Cornell University Press. 397 p.Google Scholar
Walters, C. 1991. Weeds, Control Without Poisons. Kansas City, MO Acres U.S.A. 320 p.Google Scholar
Wang, Y., Mi, G., Chen, F., Zhang, J., and Zhang, F. 2004. Response of root morphology to nitrate supply and its contribution to nitrogen accumulation in maize. J. Plant Nutr. 27:2189–2202.Google Scholar
Webb, K. T., Thompson, R. L., Beke, G. J., and Nowland, J. L. 1991. Soils of Colchester County, Nova Scotia. Ottawa, Ontario Agriculture Canada. 201 p.Google Scholar
Zewdie, K. and Suwanketnikom, R. 2005. Relative influence of tillage, fertilizer, and weed management on weed associations in wheat cropping systems of Ethiopian highlands. J. Nat. Sci. 39:569–580.Google Scholar