Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T17:58:44.187Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Herbicide Phytotoxicity as Affected by Selected Properties of North Carolina Soils

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

G. W. Harrison ,
J. B. Weber  and
J. V. Baird
G. W. Harrison
Affiliation:
Thompson-Hayward Chemical Co., Raleigh, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27607
J. B. Weber
Affiliation:
Crop Sci. and Soil Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27607
J. V. Baird
Affiliation:
Soil Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27607
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Preemergence applications of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], chloramben (3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid), fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluro-m-tolyl)urea], propachlor (3-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide), and trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) were compared in 10 North Carolina soils and the relationship of activity to soil physical and chemical properties appraised. Oats (Avena sativa L. ‘Carolee’) were used as the indicator plant in bioassays under greenhouse conditions. Fifteen soil properties were measured and correlated with herbicide I50 (50% fresh weight inhibition) values. Organic matter was the soil variable most highly correlated with herbicide phytotoxicity. There was an inverse relationship between herbicide water solubility and inactivation by organic matter. Volume weight determinations and water holding capacity values (0.1 bar) provided relatively good estimates of soil organic matter contents, but were not as highly related to herbicide activity as organic matter content.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 24 , Issue 1 , January 1976 , pp. 120 - 126
Copyright
Copyright © 1976 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Bailey, G.W. and White, J.L. 1970. Factors influencing the adsorption, desorption, and movement of pesticides in soils. Residue Rev. 32:29–92.Google Scholar
2. Bailey, G.W., White, J.L., and Rothberg, T. 1968. Adsorption of organic herbicides by montmorillonite: role of pH and chemical character of adsorbate. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 32:222–234.Google Scholar
3. Best, J.A. and Weber, J.B. 1974. Disappearance of s-triazines as affected by soil pH using a balance-sheet approach. Weed Sci. 22:364–373.Google Scholar
4. Best, J.A., Weber, J.B., and Monaco, T.J. 1971. Effect of liming on the activity of soil-applied triazines. Proc. S. Weed Sci. Soc. 24:368 (abstract).Google Scholar
5. Black, C.A., ed. 1965. Methods of Soil Analysis (Part I), American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, WI, 770 pp.Google Scholar
6. Black, C.A., ed. 1965. Methods of Soil Analysis (Part II), American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, WI, 802 pp.Google Scholar
7. Corbin, F.T., Upchurch, R.P., and Selman, F.L. 1971. Influence of pH on the phytotoxicity of herbicides in soil. Weed Sci. 19:233–239.Google Scholar
8. Freed, V.H., Vernetti, J., and Montgomery, M. 1962. The soil behavior of herbicides as influenced by their physical properties. Proc. West. Weed Contr. Conf. 19:21–36.Google Scholar
9. Green, R.E. and Obien, S.R. 1969. Herbicide equilibrium in soils in relation to soil water content. Weed Sci. 17:514–519.Google Scholar
10. Greenland, D.J. 1965. Interaction between clays and organic compounds in soils. Part I. Mechanisms of interactions between clays and defined organic compounds. Soils and Fert. 28:415–425.Google Scholar
11. Grover, R. 1966. Influence of organic matter, texture, and available water on the toxicity of simazine in soil. Weeds 14:148–151.Google Scholar
12. Hayes, M.H.B. 1970. Adsorption of triazine herbicides on soil organic matter, including a short review on soil organic matter chemistry. Residue Rev. 32:131–174.Google Scholar
13. Lavy, T.L. 1968. Micromovement mechanisms of s-triazines in soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 32:377–380.Google Scholar
14. Osgerby, J.M. 1973. Processes affecting herbicide action in soil. Pestic. Sci. 4:247–258.Google Scholar
15. Sheets, T.J., Crafts, A.S., and Drever, H.R. 1962. Influence of soil properties on the phytotoxicities of s-triazine herbicides. J. Agr. Food Chem. 10:458–462.Google Scholar
16. Stevenson, F.J. 1972. Organic matter reactions involving herbicides in soil. J. Environ. Qual. 1:333–343.Google Scholar
17. Upchurch, R.P. 1972. Action and fate of organic chemicals in soil–herbicides and plant growth regulators. Pages 443–512 in Goring, C.A.I. and Hamaker, J. (eds.), Organic Chemicals in the Soil Environment. Marcel Dekkar, Inc., NY.Google Scholar
18. Upchurch, R.P. and Mason, D.D. 1962. The influence of soil organic matter on the phytotoxicity of herbicides. Weeds 10:9–14.Google Scholar
19. Upchurch, R.P., Selman, F.L., Mason, D.D., and Kamprath, E.J. 1966. The correlation of herbicide activity with soil and climatic factors. Weeds 14:42–49.Google Scholar
20. Weber, J.B. 1966. Molecular structure and pH effects on the adsorption of 13 s-triazine compounds on montmorillonite clay. Amer. Mineralog. 51:1657–1670.Google Scholar
21. Weber, J.B. 1970. Mechanisms of adsorption of s-triazines by clay colloids and factors affecting plant availability. Residue Rev. 32:93–130.Google Scholar
22. Weber, J.B. 1972. Interaction of organic pesticides with particulate matter in aquatic and soil systems. Advan. Chem. Series 111:55–120.Google Scholar
23. Weber, J.B. and Best, J.A. 1972. Activity and movement of 13 soil-applied herbicides as influenced by soil reaction. Proc. S. Weed Sci. Soc. 25:403–413.Google Scholar
24. Weber, J.B., Perry, P.W., and Ibaraki, K. 1968. Effect of pH on the phytotoxicity of prometryne applied to synthetic soil media. Weed Sci. 16:134–136.Google Scholar
25. Weber, J.B., Weed, S.B., and Ward, T.M. 1969. Adsorption of s-triazines by soil organic matter. Weed Sci. 17:417–421.Google Scholar
26. Weber, J.B., Monaco, T.J., Carringer, R.D., and Eaddy, D.W. 1974. Effect of organic matter and volume weight of North Carolina soils on herbicide performance. Proc. S. Weed Sci. Soc. 27:371–377.Google Scholar
27. Wildung, R.E., Chesters, G., and Armstrong, D.E. 1968. Chloramben (amiben) degradation in soil. Weed Res. 8:213–225.Google Scholar
28. Zaitzev, B.D. 1967. Quantitative relationship between organic-matter content and volume weight of upper horizons of forest podzolic soil. Pochvovedenie 12:136–138.Google Scholar