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Cover-Crop Systems Affect Weed Communities in a California Vineyard

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Kendra Baumgartner ,
Kerri L. Steenwerth  and
Lissa Veilleux
Kendra Baumgartner*
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
Kerri L. Steenwerth
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
Lissa Veilleux
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Vineyard weed communities were examined under four dormant-season cover-crop systems representative of those used in the north-coastal grape-growing region of California: no-till annuals (ANoT) (rose clover, soft brome, zorro fescue), no-till perennials (PNoT) (blue wildrye, California brome, meadow barley, red fescue, yarrow), tilled annual (AT) (triticale), and a no-cover-crop tilled control (NoCT). Treatments were carried out for 3 yr in the interrows of a wine grape vineyard. Glyphosate was used to control weeds directly beneath the vines, in the intrarows. Treatments significantly impacted weed biomass, community structure, and species diversity in the interrows. Orthogonal contrasts showed that tillage, and not the presence of a cover crop, impacted interrow weed biomass. Distance-based redundancy analyses (db-RDA) revealed significant effects of the cover-crop systems and of tillage on weed community structure in the interrows. For scarlet pimpernel and spiny sowthistle, the combination of ANOVA and orthogonal contrasts confirmed their association with the tilled treatments, as revealed by db-RDA. This same approach identified the association between California burclover and the no-till treatments. Our findings of no significant effects of the cover-crop systems on weed biomass, community structure, or diversity in the intrarows demonstrate that the impacts the cover-crop management systems had on the interrows did not carry over to adjacent intrarows. In addition, the fact that the cover crops did not affect vine yield, growth, or nutrition relative to the no-cover-crop control suggests that cover crops are likely to minimize soil erosion from winter rains, which is the primary purpose of vineyard cover cropping in northern California, without adversely affecting vine health or weed control.

Keywords

Glyphosateblue wildrye, Elymus glaucus Buckley ELYGLCalifornia brome, Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn. BROCNCalifornia burclover, Medicago polymorpha L. MEDPOmeadow barley, Hordeum brachyantherum Nevski HORBRred fescue, Festuca rubra L. FESRUrose clover, Trifolium hirtum All. TRH14scarlet pimpernel, Anagallis arvensis L. ANGARsoft brome, Bromus hordeaceus L. BROMOspiny sowthistle, Sonchus asper (L.) Hill SONAStriticale, X Triticosecale rimpaui Wittm. TRITIyarrow, Achillea millefolium L. AMAREzorro fescue, Vulpia myuros (L.) K. C. Gmel. VLPMYwine grape, Vitis vinifera L. ‘Merlot’Grapevineintegrated weed managementperennial cropping systemsustainable vineyard floor managementtillage
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 56 , Issue 4 , August 2008 , pp. 596 - 605
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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