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Above- and belowground interference of wheat (Triticum aestivum) by Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Martin J. Stone ,
Harry T. Cralle ,
James M. Chandler ,
Travis D. Miller ,
Rodney W. Bovey  and
Katherine H. Carson
Martin J. Stone
Affiliation:
Stonebridge Garden Center, 102 North Lavira Avenue, Claremore, OK 74017
James M. Chandler
Affiliation:
Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
Travis D. Miller
Affiliation:
Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
Rodney W. Bovey
Affiliation:
Department of Rangeland Ecology and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
Katherine H. Carson
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704
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Abstract

Greenhouse experiments in central Texas assessed the relative importance of above- and belowground interactions of semidwarf Mit wheat and Marshall ryegrass during vegetative growth. One experiment used partitions to compare the effect of no (controls), aboveground only, belowground only, and full interaction for 75 d after planting (DAP) one wheat and nine ryegrass plants in soil volumes of 90, 950, and 3,800 ml. The results with the different soil volumes were similar. Wheat growth in the aboveground interaction only did not differ from controls. However, the full or belowground only interaction of wheat with ryegrass reduced wheat height, leaf number, tillering, leaf area, percent total nonstructural carbohydrates in shoot, and dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots 45 and 75 DAP compared to controls. Wheat in full and belowground interaction only did not differ from one another in growth. A replacement series experiment of 56 d also showed that the competitive advantage of ryegrass was relatively greater in root than in shoot growth. No allelopathic response of wheat to ryegrass occurred. While the tallness of the semidwarf wheat minimized aboveground interference by ryegrass, the root growth of the thinner and more fibrous roots of ryegrass greatly enhanced its belowground competitiveness.

Keywords

Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam. LOLMUwheat, Triticum aestivum L.Ryegrass competitivenesswheat competitivenessaboveground interferencebelowground interferencereplacement seriesnonstructural carbohydratesLOLMU
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 46 , Issue 4 , August 1998 , pp. 438 - 441
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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