Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T04:55:43.141Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Direction repulsion in motion transparency

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2009

Eric Hiris  and
Randolph Blake
Eric Hiris
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology/Vision Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville
Randolph Blake
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology/Vision Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A series of experiments investigated perceived direction of motion and depth segregation in motion transparency displays consisting of two planes of dots moving in different directions. Direction and depth judgments were obtained from human observers viewing these "bi-directional" animation sequences with and without explicit stereoscopic depth information. We found that (1) misperception of motion direction ("direction repulsion") occurs when two spatially intermingled directions of motion are within 60 deg of each other; (2) direction repulsion is minimal at cardinal directions; (3) perception of two directions of motion always results in separate motion planes segregated in depth; and (4) stereoscopic depth information has no effect on the magnitude of direction repulsion, but it does disambiguate the depth relations between motion directions. These results are developed within the context of a two-stage model of motion transparency. On this model, motion directions are registered within units subject to inhibitory interactions that cause direction repulsion, with the outputs of these units pooled within units selective for direction and disparity.

Keywords

MotionStereopsisDirectionDepthMotion transparency
Type
Research Articles
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 13 , Issue 1 , January 1996 , pp. 187 - 197
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFRENCES

Albright, T.D. (1984). Direction and orientation selectivity of neurons in visual area MT of the macaque. Journal of Neurophysiology 52, 1106–1130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Appelle, S. (1972). Perception and discrimination as a function of stimulus orientation: The oblique effect in man and animals. Psychological Bulletin 78, 266–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blakemore, C., Carpenter, R.H.S. & Georgeson, M.A. (1970). Lateral inhibition between orientation detectors in the human visual system. Nature 228, 37–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradley, D.C., Qian, N. & Andersen, R.A. (1995). Integration of motion and stereopsis in middle temporal cortical areas of macaques. Nature 373, 609–611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradshaw, M.F. & Rogers, B.J. (1993). Elevation of depth thresholds following within and between cue adaptation of stereo and motion. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 34, 1036.Google Scholar
Britten, K.H., Shalden, M.N., Newsome, W.T. & Movshon, J.A. (1993). Responses of neurons in macaque MT to stochastic motion signals. Visual Neuroscience 10, 1157–1169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burke, D. & Wenderoth, P. (1993). The effect of interactions between one-dimensional component gratings on two-dimensional motion perception. Vision Research 33, 343–350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carpenter, R.H.S. & Blakemore, C. (1973). Interactions between orientations in human vision. Experimental Brain Research 18, 287–303.Google Scholar
Dosher, B.A., Sperling, G. & Wurst, S.A. (1986). Tradeoffs between stereopsis and proximity luminance covariance as determinants of perceived 3D structure. Vision Research 26, 973–990.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gibson, J.J. (1954). The visual perception of objective motion and subjective movement. Psychological Review 61, 304–314.Google Scholar
Jasinschi, R., Rosenfeld, A. & Sumi, K. (1992). Perceptual motion transparency: The role of geometrical information. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 9, 1865–1879.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landy, M.S., Maloney, L.T., Johnston, E.B. & Young, M. (1995). Measurement and modeling depth cue combination: In defense of weak fusion. Vision Research 35, 389–412.Google Scholar
Marshak, W. & Sekuler, R. (1979). Mutual repulsion between moving visual targets. Science 205, 1399–1401.Google Scholar
Mather, G. (1980). The movement aftereffect and a distribution-shift model for coding the direction of visual movement. Perception 9, 379–392.Google Scholar
Mather, G. & Moulden, B. (1980). A simultaneous shift in apparent direction: Further evidence for a distribution shift model of direction coding. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 32, 325–333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maunsell, J.H.R. & Van Essen, D.C. (1983 a). Functional properties of neurons in middle temporal visual area of the macaque monkey. I. Selectivity for stimulus direction, speed & orientation. Journal of Neurophysiology 49, 1127–1147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maunsell, J.H.R. & Van Essen, D.C. (1983 b). Functional properties of neurons in middle temporal visual area of the macaque monkey. II. Binocular interactions and sensitivity to binocular disparity. Journal of Neurophysiology 49, 1148–1167.Google Scholar
Mikami, A., Newsome, W.T. & Wurtz, R.H. (1986 a). Motion selectivity in macaque visual cortex. I. Mechanisms of direction and speed selectivity in extrastriate area MT. Journal of Neurophysiology 55, 1308–1327.Google Scholar
Mikami, A., Newsome, W.T. & Wurtz, R.H. (1986 b). Motion selectivity in macaque visual cortex. II. Spatiotemporal range of directional interactions in MT and VI. Journal of Neurophysiology 55, 1328–1339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miles, W.R. (1931). Movement interpretations of the silhouette of a revolving fan. American Journal of Psychology 43, 392–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nawrot, M. & Blake, R. (1989). Neural integration of information specifying structure from stereopsis and motion. Science 244, 716–718.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nawrot, M. & Blake, R. (1991 a). The interplay between stereopsis and structure from motion. Perception and Psychophysics 49, 230–244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nawrot, M. & Blake, R. (1991b). A neural network model of kinetic depth. Visual Neuroscience 6, 219–227.Google Scholar
Qian, N. & Andersen, R.A. (1994). Transparent motion perception as detection of unbalanced motion signals. II. Physiology. Journal of Neuroscience 14, 7367–7380.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Qian, N., Andersen, R.A. & Adelson, E.H. (1994 a). Transparent motion perception as detection of unbalanced motion signals. I. Psychophysics. Journal of Neuroscience 14, 7357–7366.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Qian, N., Andersen, R.A. & Adelson, E.H. (1994 b). Transparent motion perception as detection of unbalanced motion signals. III. Modeling. Journal of Neuroscience 14, 7381–7392.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodman, H.R. & Albright, T.D. (1987). Coding of visual stimulus velocity in area MT of the macaque. Vision Research 27, 2035–2048.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rogers, B.J. & Graham, M.E. (1982). Similarities between motion parallax and stereopsis in human depth perception. Vision Research 22, 261–270.Google Scholar
Roy, J.P., Komatsu, H. & Wurtz, R.H. (1992). Disparity sensitivity of neurons in monkey extrastriate area MST. Journal of Neuroscience 12, 2478–2492.Google Scholar
Roy, J.P. & Wurtz, R.H. (1990). The role of disparity-sensitive cortical neurons in signalling the direction of self-motion. Nature 348, 160–162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snowden, R.J. (1989). Motions in orthogonal directions are mutually suppressive. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 6, 1096–1101.Google Scholar
Ullman, S. (1979). The interpretation of structure from motion. Proceedings of the Royal Society B (London) 203, 405–426.Google ScholarPubMed
Ullman, S. (1984). Maximizing rigidity: The incremental recovery of 3–D structure from rigid and nonrigid motion. Perception 13, 255–274.Google Scholar
van Doorn, A.J. & Koenderink, J.J. (1982). Temporal properties of the visual detectability of moving spatial white noise. Experimental Brain Research 45, 179–188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wallach, H. & O'Connell, D.N. (1953). The kinetic depth effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology 45, 205–217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, H.R. & Kim, J. (1994). A model for motion coherence and transparency. Visual Neuroscience 11, 1205–1220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeki, S.M. (1978). Uniformity and diversity of structure and function in rhesus monkey prestriate visual cortex. Journal of Physiology 277, 273–290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed