Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T20:29:47.076Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

BEARING WITNESS IN SILAS MARNER: GEORGE ELIOT'S EXPERIMENT IN SYMPATHY

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 October 2013

Kristen A. Pond*
Affiliation:
Baylor University

Extract

There is a curious narrative moment near the middle of George Eliot's novel Silas Marner. Marner, on discovering the theft of his gold, runs to the Rainbow Inn, the village's popular gathering place, intending to broadcast the theft and demand justice. This is a climatic moment in the plot; as readers we turn the page with mounting anticipation: how will the villagers react to the strange weaver's first intrusion into this most sacred of spaces in Raveloe? The reader must immediately be disappointed, then, on turning the page and coming to chapter six. We do go inside the Rainbow Inn but leave Marner on the other side of the yet-unopened door; instead of an exciting confrontation between Marner and the villagers, we are made to listen to a meandering exchange of retold stories by a cast of unimportant characters. This narrative interruption within the novel echoes the much larger interruptions that surround the production and reception of this text. Silas Marner most literally interrupted Eliot's work on Romola. She says in her journal that the idea “thrust itself between me and the other book I was meditating” (Journals 87). The novel also disrupts most critical consensus about Eliot as a realist writer. No one seems quite sure what to do with this half fable, half realist work alongside such masterpieces as Middlemarch. In addition, the character of Marner interrupts what we have come to expect from Eliot's characters; whether an earlier hero like Adam Bede or a later heroine like Gwendolen Harleth, her characters have at least some endearing qualities despite, or maybe because of, their flaws. When one turns to Silas Marner, however, a reader can be hard pressed to find anything appealing about the peculiar weaver.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

WORKS CITED

Ablow, Rachel. The Marriage of Minds: Reading Sympathy in the Victorian Marriage Plot. Palo Alto: Stanford UP, 2007.Google Scholar
Anger, Suzy. Victorian Interpretation. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 2005.Google Scholar
Atterton, Peter, and Calarco, Mathew, eds. Radicalizing Levinas. Albany: SUNY P, 2010.Google Scholar
Carroll, David. George Eliot and the Conflict of Interpretations: A Reading of the Novels. New York: Cambridge UP, 1992. 1617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caruth, Cary. Unclaimed Experience: Trauma, Narrative, and History. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cavarero, Adriana. Relating Narratives: Storytelling and Selfhood. New York: Routledge, 2000.Google Scholar
Critchley, Simon, and Bernasconi, Robert, eds. The Cambridge Companion to Levinas. New York: Cambridge UP, 2002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davey, Nicholas. Unquiet Understanding: Gadamer's Philosophical Hermeneutics. Albany: SUNY P, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Debra. “Gender in Silas Marner.” Women in Literature: Reading through the Lens of Gender. Ed. Fisher, Jerilyn, Silber, Ellen, and Sadker, David. Westport: Greenwood, 2003.Google Scholar
Doyle, Mary Ellen. The Sympathetic Response: George Eliot's Fictional Rhetoric. Rutherford: Associated University Presses, 1981.Google Scholar
During, Lisabeth. “The Concept of Dread: Sympathy and Ethics in Daniel Deronda.” Critical Review 33 (1993): 88111.Google Scholar
Eaglestone, Robert. Ethical Criticism: Reading after Levinas. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1997.Google Scholar
Eliot, George. Adam Bede. Ed. Cunningham, Valentine. New York: Oxford UP, 1996.Google Scholar
Eliot, George. The George Eliot Letters. Ed. Haight, Gordon S.. 9 vols. New Haven: Yale UP, 1954–78.Google Scholar
Eliot, George. The Journals of George Eliot. Ed. Harris, Margaret and Johnston, Judith. New York: Cambridge UP, 1998.Google Scholar
Eliot, George. Silas Marner. Ed. Carroll, David. Penguin Classics. New York: Penguin Groups, 1996.Google Scholar
Eliot, George. The Writings of George Eliot: Essays and Leaves from a Notebook. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1908.Google Scholar
Felman, Shoshana, and Laub, Dori. Testimony: Crisis of Witnessing in Literature, Psychoanalysis, and History. New York: Routledge, 1992.Google Scholar
Goodman, Barbara, ed. Readings on Silas Marner. San Diego: Greenhaven, 2000.Google Scholar
Gottlieb, Evan. Feeling British: Sympathy and National Identity in Scottish and English Writing, 1707–1832. Lewisburg: Rosemont Publishing and Printing Corp, 2007.Google Scholar
Graver, Suzanne. George Eliot and Community: A Study in Social Theory and Fictional Form. Berkeley: California UP, 1984.Google Scholar
Hertz, Neil. “Recognizing Casaubon.” Glyph 6 (1979): 2441.Google Scholar
Hinton, Laura. The Perverse Gaze of Sympathy. Albany: SUNY P, 1999.Google Scholar
Jaffe, Audrey. Scenes of Sympathy: Identity and Representation in Victorian Fiction. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 2000.Google Scholar
Lane, Christopher. Hatred and Civility: The Antisocial Life in Victorian England. New York: Columbia UP, 2004.Google Scholar
Leavis, F. R.The Great Tradition: George Eliot, Henry James, Joseph Conrad. New York: New York UP, 1973.Google Scholar
Levinas, Emmanuel. “Reality and Its Shadow.” Ed. Hand, Seán. The Levinas Reader. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers, 1997.Google Scholar
Levinas, Emmanuel. Totality and Infinity. Trans. Lingis, Alphonso. Pittsburgh: Duquesne UP, 1969.Google Scholar
Markell, Patchen. Bound by Recognition. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2003.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Rebecca N.Victorian Lessons in Empathy and Difference. Columbus: Ohio State UP, 2011.Google Scholar
Nestor, Pauline. Critical Issues: George Eliot. New York: Palgrave, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newton, Adam Zachary. Narrative Ethics. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver, Kelly. Witnessing: Beyond Recognition. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 2001.Google Scholar
Oliver, Kelly. “Witnessing and Testimony.” Parallax 10.1 (2004): 7887.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rai, Amit. Rule of Sympathy: Sentiment, Race, and Power 1750–1850. New York: Palgrave, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Redfield, Marc. Phantom Formations: Aesthetic Ideology and the Bildungsroman. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1996.Google Scholar
Robbins, Jill. Altered Reading: Levinas and Literature. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1999.Google Scholar
Ruskin, John. The Works of John Ruskin. Ed. Cook, E. T. and Wedderburn, Alexander. Vol. 27. London: G. Allen, 1903–1912.Google Scholar
Schwarz, Daniel. Imagining the Holocaust. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.Google Scholar
Shires, Linda. Perspectives: Modes of Viewing and Knowing in Nineteenth-Century England. Columbus: Ohio State UP, 2009.Google Scholar
Smith, Adam. The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Ed. Haakonssen, Knud. New York: Cambridge UP, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wehrs, Donald R., and Haney, David P., eds. Levinas and Nineteenth-Century Literature: Ethics and Otherness from Romanticism through Realism. Newark: U of Delaware P, 2009.Google Scholar