No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
The Later History of the Ironsides
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 February 2009
Extract
Two years ago, in a paper read on April 20, 1899, and printed in volume xiii. of the Transactions of this Society, I traced the early history of the famous regiment of horse raised by Cromwell, the troopers of which are popularly known by the name of the Ironsides, though that name properly belongs not to them alone, but to the cavalry of the Cromwellian army in general. That paper closed with the dissolution of the army of the Eastern Association in April 1645, and with the consequent subdivision of the regiment which Cromwell had raised. I propose now to trace the history of the two regiments which sprang out of it.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1901
References
page 2 note 1 Carlyle, Appendix 7.
page 2 note 2 Rushworth, vi. 43.
page 3 note 1 Reliquiæ Baxterianæ, p. 54; Sprigge, , Anglia Rediviva, pp. 72, 88, 125, 193Google Scholar.
page 4 note 1 Reliquiæ Baxterianæ, pp. 53, 57, 59.
page 5 note 1 An Apology of the Private Soldiers to their Commission Officers.
page 5 note 2 Memoirs of Denzil Holles, ed. Maseres, , p. 242Google Scholar; Clarke Papers, i. 430.
page 6 note 1 The strength of the regiment in May 1647 was 70 officers, commissioned and non-commissioned, and 519 men. Clarke Papers, i. 18.
page 6 note 2 Ibid. i. 45.
page 6 note 3 Ibid. i. 50.
page 7 note 1 Rushworth, vi. 556.
page 8 note 1 Holles, , Memoirs, ed. Maseres, , p. 282Google Scholar; Rushworth, vii. 741.
page 9 note 1 Clarke Papers, i. 227, 329, 377.
page 9 note 2 Ibid. i. 4.
page 10 note 1 Dictionary of National Biography, li. 292; cf. Clarke Papers, i. 82.
page 10 note 2 Old Parliamentary History, xvii. 149–158.
page 10 note 3 Cary, , Memorials of the Civil War, i. 4, 38Google Scholar.
page 10 note 4 The Antiquary, 1880, p. 21.
page 10 note 5 Clarke MSS.
page 10 note 6 The Moderate, Sept. 11–18, 1649.
page 11 note 1 Carlyle's Cromwell, Letter clxii.
page 11 note 2 Memoirs of Capt. John Hodgson, ed. 1806, pp. 147, 300; see also the paper on the battle of Dunbar in the Transactions of this Society, vol. xiv.
page 11 note 3 Carte, , Original Letters, i. 384Google Scholar.
page 12 note 1 Mercurius Politicus, Oct. 31 to Nov. 7, 1650.
page 12 note 2 Cary, , Memorials of the Civil War, ii. 357Google Scholar.
page 12 note 3 Cal. S: P. Dom., 1658–9, p. 376. It is said that he also discouraged the raising of soldiers to serve in Scotland, and gave false intelligence of that army.
page 13 note 1 This passage I have already quoted in full in my Cromwell's Army, but it is necessary to do so again. The newsletter is amongst the Clarke MSS. in Worcester College Library.
page 14 note 1 Mercurius Politicus, 1650, pp. 337, 361, 365.
page 14 note 2 Cal. S. P. Dom. 1653–4, p. 13.
page 15 note 1 Fox's, GeorgeJournal, p. 139Google Scholar.
page 15 note 2 Tom Verney wrote to Sir Ralph Verney in March 1655, saying that an offer had just been made him which he desired to accept. ‘It is to ride in the Protector his one troop, not in his lifeguard, but in his regiment of hors, which is now quartered in the west. I conceive it far better and somewhat more beneficial to ride than to march on foot.’ He wanted to borrow 20 l. for his outfit. Memoirs of the Verney Family, iii. 167.
page 15 note 3 English Historical Review, Jan. 1892, pp. 107–8.
page 16 note 1 Clarke Papers, iii. 140.
page 16 note 2 William Barrington.
page 17 note 1 Thurloe, vi. 807; vii. 38, 84, 101; Clarendon S. P., iii. 329.
page 17 note 2 Commons' Journals, vii. 636.
page 17 note 3 Burton's, Diary, iii. 165, 166Google Scholar.
page 18 note 1 Cal. S. P., Dom., 1658–9, 376; Commons' Journals, vii. 698.
page 19 note 1 Commons' Journals, vii. 810.
page 20 note 1 Ludlow's, Memoirs, ii. 212, ed. 1894Google Scholar; Baker's, Chronicle, p. 702Google Scholar.
page 21 note 1 MSS. of Mr. Leyborne Popham.
page 22 note 1 April 25.
page 22 note 2 Baker's, Chronicle, p. 721Google Scholar.
page 22 note 3 Mercurius Publicus, June 28–July 5, 1660.
page 22 note 4 Mackinnon, , Coldstream Guards, i. 96, 100Google Scholar.
page 23 note 1 Sprigge, , Anglia Rediviva, p. 331Google Scholar.
page 23 note 2 Ibid. p. 40.
page 23 note 3 Ibid. p. 72; cf. Reliquiæ Baxteriantæ, p. 54.
page 23 note 4 Sprigge, pp. 116, 126.
page 23 note 5 Ibid. pp. 18, 153; cf. A Full and Last Relation Concerning Basing House, by Peters, Hugh, 1645Google Scholar.
page 24 note 1 Sprigge, pp. 174, 209.
page 24 note 2 Ibid. p. 259; Beesley, , History of Banbury, p. 413Google Scholar.
page 24 note 3 Sprigge, pp. 290, 291; Reliquiæ Baxteriancæ, p. 55; Mr. Peter's Last Report of the English Wars, 1646; Edwards's, Gangraena, iii. 138Google Scholar.
page 25 note 1 Reliquiæ Baxterianæ, p. 51.
page 25 note 2 Ibid. pp. 53–54.
page 26 note 1 Reliquiæ Baxterianæ, 56.
page 27 note 1 Thurloe, v. 312.
page 27 note 2 See Dictionary of National Biography, x. 252.
page 27 note 3 Declaration of Col. Whalley and all the officers and soldiers of his regiment, May 14, 1649.
page 27 note 4 Clarke Papers, i. 85, 100, 105: see also Two Letters of his Excellency Sir Thomas Fairfax sent to both Houses of Parliament, May 30, 1647. At the end is an epistle signed E. C, evidently by Chillenden.
page 27 note 5 Clarke Papers, i. 210, 277, 338, 438; ii. 233.
page 28 note 1 Clarke MSS., xlvii.
page 28 note 2 Clarke Papers, i. 15, 18, 33, 34, 46, 51, 58, 70, 71, 76.
page 28 note 3 Ibid., i. 123, 130, 138, 140; Old Parliamentary History, xv. 401, 409, 415; xvi. 46, 48.
page 29 note 1 Old Parliamentary History, xvi. 327, 330.
page 29 note 2 Printed in Peck's, Desiderata Curiosa, p. 374Google Scholar.
page 29 note 3 Ashburnham's, Narrative and Vindication, ii. 101Google Scholar.
page 29 note 4 Their names are appended to the Case of the Army, 4to, 1647.
page 30 note 1 Masere, , Select Tracts, i. lxvGoogle Scholar.
page 30 note 2 Rushworth, vii. 878.
page 30 note 3 Gardiner, , Great Civil War, iv. 142, 145Google Scholar; Clarke Papers, ii. 24, 26, 27; Fairfax Correspondence, iv. 34–5; 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. ix. 21.
page 30 note 4 Gardiner, , Great Civil War, iv. 149, 150Google Scholar; see also the plan given by Dr. Gardiner; Rushworth, vii. 1150, 1164, 1168, 1181, 1246; Clarke Papers, ii. 65.
page 31 note 1 Printed in The Moderate for Nov. 7–14, 1648.
page 31 note 2 Clarke Papers, ii. 65, 132.
page 32 note 1 The Army's Martyr, or a Faithful Relation of the Barbarous and Illegal Proceedings of the Court-Martiall at Whitehall upon Mr. Robert Lockier, 1649, 4to; A True Narrative of the late Mutiny made by several Troopers of Capt. Savage's Troop in Col. Whalley's Regiment … of the Sentence of Death upon Robert Lockier, &c, 4to, 1649; The Justice of the Army Vindicated, 1649.
page 33 note 1 The Moderate, April 24–May I, 1649.
page 33 note 2 Ibid., May 8–15, 1649.
page 34 note 1 See The Justice of the Army Vindicated against Evil Doers, 1649; The Discoverer, 1649, pt. ii. 7, 19; Lilburne's, The Prisoners' Mournful Cry, 1648, p. 6Google Scholar.
page 35 note 1 Beesly, , History of Banbury, pp. 438–445Google Scholar.
page 36 note 1 The Moderate, May 15–22, 1649. Given in news from Oxford under May 20.
page 36 note 2 1649, 4to. A copy is in the Bodleian Library.
page 36 note 3 Harleian MS., no. 427.
page 37 note 1 Carte, , Life of Ormond, iii. 502Google Scholar; iv. 124, 138, 140; v. 43, ed. 1851; Ludlow's, Memoirs, ed. 1894, ii. 185, 195, 202, 210, 230, 471Google Scholar.
page 37 note 2 Ludlow, ii. 471; Exchequer Papers.
page 37 note 3 Ludlow, ii. 455; Life of William Lilly, ed. 1822, p. 179.
page 37 note 4 Memoirs of Sir H. Slingsby and Capt. John Hodgson, ed. 1806. Appendix, pp. 213, 214, 228.
page 38 note 1 Memoirs of Sir H. Slingsby and Capt. John Hodgson, ed. 1806, pp. 279, 302; Carlyle's Cromwell, Letter cxi. Carlyle prints a letter of Whalley's to the Governor of Edinburgh in his explanatory remarks to Letter cxlvii.
page 38 note 2 Douglas, W. S., Cromwell's Scotch Campaigns, pp. 149–152, 156, 175–6Google Scholar; Carlyle's Cromwell, Letter cliii; Mercurius Politicus, pp. 354, 362, 368, 429, 441, 461, 467, 475, 483.
page 38 note 3 Cary, , Memorials of the Civil War, i. 364Google Scholar.
page 39 note 1 These statements are based mainly on warrants for pay amongst thd Treasury MSS.
page 39 note 2 Grey's, Examination of Neal's Puritans, iv. Appendix, p. 149Google Scholar.
page 39 note 3 Nickolls, , Original Letters and Papers of State addressed to O. Cromwell, p. 122Google Scholar.
page 40 note 1 Gardiner, , Commonwealth and Protectorate, ii. 256Google Scholar. On June 18, 1653, the use of the Chapel in St. Paul's called the ‘Stone Chapel’ had been granted to Capt. Chillenden and his congregation. Cal. S. P., Dom., 1652–3, p. 423.
page 40 note 2 Gardiner, ii. 256, quoting a letter to Cromwell dated Nov. 30, 1653, published in Chillenden's Nathan's Parable.
page 40 note 3 Cal. S. P., Dom., 1655, P. 224; cf. Masson, , Life of Milton, v. 64Google Scholar. Chillenden's support of Biddle was the stranger because he had been himself the chief witness against John Erbury in 1652 for discourses of the same nature. Clarke Papers, ii. 233.
page 41 note 1 Thurloe, iv. 365, v. 286.
page 41 note 2 Scotland and the Commonwealth, p. 305; Scotland and the Protectorate, pp. 256, 262, 267; Thurloe, iii. 46; Monck's, Order Book, 02 24, 1654Google Scholar.
page 41 note 3 Scotland and the Protectorate, p. 216.
page 41 note 4 Ludlow, ii. 69.
page 41 note 5 Commons' Journals, vii. 749.
page 42 note 1 Commons' Journals, vii. 710, 713, 715.
page 42 note 2 Memoirs of Col. Hutchinson, ii. 229–232.
page 42 note 3 Commons' Journals, vii. 839.
page 43 note 1 Baker's, Chronicle, ed. Phillips, , p. 720Google Scholar.
page 43 note 2 See Dictionary of National Biography, lx. 306, and authorities there referred to.
page 43 note 3 Ludlow, , Memoirs, ed. 1894, ii. 393Google Scholar.
page 44 note 1 Cal. S. P., Dom., 1661–2, p. 564; 1664–5, p. 543.
page 44 note 2 Ibid., 1663–4, p. 663.
page 44 note 4 Cal. S. P., Dom., 1663–4, pp. 663, 664.
page 44 note 5 Memoirs of Sir Richard Bulstrode, p. 350.
page 44 note 6 Sprat, , A true account of the horrid Conspiracy, etc., ed. 1696, p. 69Google Scholar.
page 44 note 7 For a life of Rumbold see the Dictionary of National Biography, xlix. 396.